Transcript Monique

Digestive System
By: Monique Sanchez
Mouth
The mouth is an opening in which a human
or animal eats with. The mouth is also an
important to the body because without a
mouth you could not eat or drink. The
mouth encloses the tongue, teeth, gums,
and lips
Esophagus
The esophagus is a muscular tube that in
humans is about nine inches (23
centimeters) long. If you eat something
it will go down your esophagus and
down into the stomach to be digested.
Stomach
The stomach is a muscular organ of the
digestive tract it is located between the
esophagus and the small intestine. When you
eat, food it goes down a tube called the
esophagus and into your stomach, where it is
stored temporarily, then later digested. As the
food arrives, the stomach wall starts its glands
working. One type of gland gives off a mucus
that lubricates the food. Other glands give off
acids which kill any bacteria in the food while still
others give off special chemicals, called
enzymes, to break down the food into tiny
particles.
Small Intestine
Long, narrow, convoluted tube in which
most digestion takes place. The Small
Intestine is made up of three sections. The
first section is the Duodenum, it connects
to the stomach. The second section is the
jejunum. The final section is called the
ileum and connects to the first part of the
Large Intestine.
Large Intestine
The Large Intestine’s job is to absorb most of the
nutrients from what we eat and drink. It is about
five feet long or 1.5 meters long.
Liver
Largest gland in the body, with several
lobes. It secretes bile, makes proteins,
carbohydrates, and fats, and other
substances. It regulates blood volume and
destroys old red blood cells. The portal
vein carries blood from the gastrointestinal
tract, gallbladder, pancreas, and spleen to
the liver to be processed.
Appendix
The human appendix, usually 3–4 inches long and
less than 0.5 inches wide, has no digestive
function. Its muscular walls expel their own
mucous secretions or any intestinal contents that
enter it. The tissue in the appendix begins to die,
and the organ may burst, causing peritonitis. Its
symptoms may begin with moderate pain in the
upper abdomen, about the navel, or all over the
abdomen. Nausea and vomiting may then
develop. The pain may shift to the right lower
abdomen. Fever is usually present but is seldom
high in the early phases.
Pancreas
The pancreas is a compound gland functioning
as both an exocrine (secreting through a duct)
and an endocrine (ductless) gland. It
continuously secretes pancreatic juice
(containing water, bicarbonate, and enzymes
needed to digest carbohydrates, fat, and protein)
through the pancreatic duct to the duodenum. If
more than 80–90% of the pancreas must be
removed, the patient will need to take insulin
and pancreatic extracts.
Gall Bladder
Muscular membranous sac under the liver that stores and
concentrates bile. Pear-shaped and expandable, it
holds about 1.7 fluid oz. Its inner surface absorbs water
and inorganic salts from bile, which becomes 5–18
times more concentrated than when it leaves the liver.
The gallbladder contracts to discharge bile through the
bile duct into the duodenum. Disorders include
gallstones and inflammation . Surgical removal of the
gallbladder has no serous effects on the body.
Enzymes
Substance that acts as a catalyst in living organisms,
regulating the rate at which life's chemical reactions
proceed without being altered in the process. Enzymes
reduce the activation energy needed to start these
reactions; without them, most such reactions would not
take place at a useful rate. Because enzymes are not
consumed, only tiny amounts of them are needed.
Enzymes catalyze all aspects of cell metabolism,
including the digestion of food, in which large nutrient
molecules (including proteins, carbohydrates, and fats)
are broken down into smaller molecules; the
conservation and transformation of chemical energy; and
the construction of cellular materials and components.
Bile / Bile Duct
Greenish-yellow liver secretion passed to
the gallbladder for concentration, storage,
or transport into the duodenum for fat
digestion. Bile contains bile acids and
salts, cholesterol, and electrolyte
chemicals that keep it slightly acidic. In the
intestine, products of the acids and salts
emulsify fat and reduce its surface tension
to prepare it for the action of pancreatic
and intestinal fat-splitting enzymes.
Mucus
Phlegm is the mucus which we can cough up from the lungs. In the
mouth it mixes with saliva (spit) to become sputum, which is then
expectorated: phlegm plus saliva equals sputum, which is commonly
studied by doctors to give signs of what is happening in the lungs.
Chemical Digestion
When initiating the chemical digestion process, the
saliva secreted helps in softening the food into
semi-solid lump. Salivary amylase enzyme helps
in digesting the carbohydrates and mucus. This
way the food particles are made finer for
swallowing and chemical breakdown in the
digestive track. The food thus made into semi
solid lump is then pushed through the throat and
esophagus, a hollow tube that connects throat
and stomach.
Absorption
The process by which substances are taken into the
tissues of organisms is called absorption. It is essential
to functions such as digestion, circulation, and
respiration.
During digestion, valuable nutrients are absorbed across
the epithelial lining of the digestive tract. Absorption
occurs largely in the small intestine, which has
developed a large surface area for this purpose. The
walls of the small intestine contain numerous finger-like
projections called villi, which are in turn covered by
countless microvilli. Different nutrients are absorbed
across the gut epithelium in different ways.
Mechanical Digestion
Mechanical digestion is a process that
begins the moment the food particles
reach the mouth. The process of taking
the food from mouth to the body is called
ingestion. The teeth initiates the
mechanical digestion by grinding the food
and this process is also called as
masticating
Salivary Amylas

Amylase is found in saliva. This form of
amylase is also called "ptyalin”. Ptyalin
acts on linear α glycosidic linkages, but
compound hydrolysis requires an enzyme
that acts on branched products. Salivary
amylase is inactivated in the stomach by
gastric acid.
Villi
Villi is located in the small intestine. Villi is
tiny finger like substances that absorb
nutrients from food.
Gastric Juices
The colorless, watery, acidic digestive fluid
that is secreted by various glands in the
mucous membrane of the stomach and
consists chiefly of hydrochloric acid,
pepsin, rennin, and mucin.
Duodenum
The duodenum is the first part of the small
intestine. It is located between the
stomach and the middle part of the small
intestine, or jejunum. After foods mix with
stomach acid, they move into the
duodenum, where they mix with bile from
the gallbladder and digestive juices from
the pancreas. Absorption of vitamins,
minerals, and other nutrients begins in the
duodenum.
Chyme
Also known as chymus, it is the liquid substance
found in the stomach before passing through the
pyloric valve and entering the duodenum. It
results from the mechanical and chemical
breakdown of a bolus and consists of partially
digested food, water, hydrochloric acid, and
various digestive enzymes. Chyme slowly
passes through the pyloric sphincter and into the
duodenum, where the extraction of nutrients
begins. Depending on the quantity and contents
of the meal, the stomach will digest the food into
chyme in anywhere between 40 minutes to a few
hours.
Bibliography

www.Google.com
www.Wikepidia.com
www.FreeDictionary.com