Transcript Using Space
How Rockets Work How Rocket Engines Operate List the Types and Characteristics of Rocket Engines Exploring Space How Rocket Engines Operate Rocket Propulsion, Flight, and Control Physical Laws Rocket Propulsion Airframe Propulsion System Types of Rocket Engines Liquid Propellant Solid Propellant Hybrid Propellant How Rocket Engines Operate Rocket propulsion, flight, and control are achieved applying laws of science discovered by Galileo Galilei and Sir Isaac Newton. Galileo Newton Newton’s Laws: Gravity Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation: The force of gravity between two bodies is directly proportional to the product of their two masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. If we double the distance between the two masses (R) in the upper part of the figure to (2R) in the lower figure, the gravity force (Fg) is decreased by four (Fg/4). Newton’s Laws: Gravity Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation: The force of gravity between two bodies is directly proportional to the product of their two masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. If we double the distance between the two masses (R) in the upper part of the figure to (2R) in the lower figure, the gravity force (Fg) is decreased by four (Fg/4). Newton’s Laws: Gravity Philadelphia Denver Same Weight? Same Mass? Gravity and Galileo Acceleration of gravity has nothing to do with the falling object’s mass. Galileo was correct: objects of different masses will fall at the same rate. (9.8 meters/sec/sec) How Rocket Engines Operate Rocket propulsion is based on Sir Isaac Newton’s three laws of motion. The third law is the heart of rocketry because the action of the rocket engine produces the forward motion of the rocket. How Rocket Engines Operate Airframe • The airframe and propulsion system of a rocket engine exists to deliver whatever cargo the rocket is carrying. • Provides the rocket with the streamlined shape. • It must be as lightweight as possible. Saturn V Shuttle Atlas Delta How Rocket Engines Operate Propulsion System • The rocket’s propulsion system includes the propellant used, the containers for the propellant, all the plumbing that may be required to get the propellant from the containers to the engine and the rocket engine itself. Types of Rocket Engines Liquid Propellant Classifications • Monopropellants Contains its oxidizer and fuel in one solution. May be a single chemical compound. The compounds are stable at ordinary temperatures and pressures, but break down when heated and pressurized, or when the breaking down process is started by a catalyst. Monopropellant rockets are simple since they need only one propellant tank and associated equipment. Types of Rocket Engines Liquid Propellant Classification • Bipropellant A combination of fuel and oxidizer, which is not mixed until after they have been injected into the combustion chamber. More stable and capable of better performance than monopropellants. In addition to a fuel and oxidizer, a liquid bipropellant may include a catalyst to increase the speed of the reaction, or other additives to improve the physical, handling, or storage properties. Types of Rocket Engines Liquid Propellant Classification • Tripropellant A combination of three compounds. The third compound is added to improve the basic bipropellant’s ability to increase the vehicle’s velocity. All liquid-propellant systems have propellant tanks; a propellant feed system, a thrust chamber, and controls such as regulators, valves, and sequencing and sensing equipment. Types of Rocket Engines Solid Propellant • In a solid propellant rocket system the fuel and oxidizer are mixed together from the start. • The rocket case is the combustion chamber and holds the propellants. There are no valves, pumps, or sensors. Additives, if needed to increase temperature or to control burning, are simply mixed with propellant grains. Types of Rocket Engines Hybrid Propellant • Hybrid propellants combine in a single rocket engine many of the advantages of both liquid and solid propellant rockets. • Flexibility gives the hybrid rocket its biggest operational advantage. It can be throttled from zero to full thrust and can be stopped and started in flight. How Rockets Work How Rocket Engines Operate List the Types and Characteristics of Rocket Engines Microsoft Flight Simulator • Purpose of Simulator • Classroom: K-26 • Log-in and walkthrough • 10 Tutorial Missions First • Progression