Chapter 20: Digestive System
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Transcript Chapter 20: Digestive System
Chapter 20: Digestive System
Chapter 21: Urinary System
Functions of Digestion
Ingest food
Break down food in to small molecules:
Mechanical digestionChemical digestion –
Absorption
Elimination
Carbohydrates
Include sugars and their polymers
Monomer is the monosaccharide
Include 3 – 7 carbons with the –OH
group being present on each carbon
except one, which is double bonded
to an oxygen (carbonyl group)
Lipids
A group of polymers that have one
characteristic in common, they do
not mix with water. They are
hydrophobic.
Some important groups are fats,
phospholipids, and steroids.
Enzymes
Increase speed of
chemical reactions catalyst
A protein
Can change shape if
conditions are not
favorable.
Alimentary Canal
Hollow tube that begins at the mouth, ends
at the anus
Mouth
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
Rectum
A. Mouth
•
Forms a bolus
Chemical digestion –
mucous, amylase
(break down carbs)
Mechanical
digestion: chewing
Roof of mouth:
Hard palate
Soft palate
Tongue and Taste
Lingual frendulum –
attaches tongue to
floor of mouth
Taste buds:
Papillae: elevations
on tongue
Salivary Glands
Saliva – water
mucous, amalase
Parotid – front of
and below ears.
(mumps)
Sublingual
submandibular
B.Pharynx
Region between mouth and esophagus
“throat”
Function – swallowing
Epiglottis – blocks larynx
Uvula – back of throat
C. Esophagus
3.
4.
5.
Lined by mucous
membrane and
smooth muscle
Peristalsis –
involuntary
contraction of
esophagus
Heartburn – (acid
reflux)
Esophagus Continued
D. Stomach
Stores food and
digests protein
Rugae – folds
inside stomach
Ulcers
Stomach Continued
Gastric Juice – produces
Chyme
Pepsin – enzyme that
digests protein
HCL – kills bacteria,
breaks down food,
Intrinsic factor –
absorption of B12.
Mucous – softens food
Gastrin – hormone that
causes gastric juice to be
released.
E. Small Intestine
Function- receives secretions from the
liver, pancreas and absorption of
nutrients.
Lined with Villi – furry looking,
absorption, increase surface area
F. Large Intestine
Function – absorb
water, produce
feces
E.coli bacteria
present
Disorders of Large Intestine
Diarrhea –
Constipation –
Appendicitis –
Diverticuloisis – colon cancer
Colonoscopy
Part 2: Digestive System
Accessory organs – food does not
pass through
1. Pancreas
Secretes Sodium Bicarbonate and
enzymes to digest carbohydrates,
proteins, and fats
2. Liver – Largest gland
Storage of glucose as
glycogen
Destruction of old red
blood cells – this
creates bilirubin
Production of bile
Plasma proteins
Detoxification of blood
Storage of iron and
other vitamins
Liver Lobule Anatomy
Functional unit of
the liver.
Blood travels from
small intestine –
hepatic portal vein –
to various liver
lobules.
3. Liver Disorders
Hepatitis – inflammation of the liver due
to contaminated drinking water, sexual
transmission, or blood transfusion
Cirrhosis of liver
Cirrhosis – chronic
disease due to
excessive amount of
alcohol. Liver
becomes fatty
tissue.
Jaundice
Jaundice – yellowish
tint due to large
amounts of bilirubin
in blood.
C. Gallbladder
Storage of bile – emulsifies fats and
neutralize acids
Chapter 21
Excretory system
Structures of Urinary System
1. 2 kidneys
2. 2 ureters – tube
that leads to bladder
3. Bladder – stores
urine
4. Urethra – tube
for eliminating urine
Structure of Kidney
Renal cortex – outer
layer, filtration
Renal medulla –
middle layer, filtration,
absorption
Renal pelvis – urine
collection and transport
Renal artery Renal vein -
Functions of Kidney
I.
Kidney Function – filter blood that has
collected wastes from cells.
A. Excrete waste – urea, uric acid, creatine,
ammonium
B. Maintain blood volume – regulating water
excretion
C. monitor electrolytes in blood
D. monitor blood pH
E. secrete Renin – enzyme to help maintain
blood pressure
F. stimulates red blood cell production
Lipids
A group of polymers that have one
characteristic in common, they do
not mix with water. They are
hydrophobic.
Some important groups are fats,
phospholipids, and steroids.