Transcript Foundation 1 - Discovering Astronomy

Models of the
Solar System,
Gravitation and
the Motion of the
Planets –
A.K.A
DEAD WHITE
GUYS WEEK!
Heliocentric Model
The great
scientist
Galileo made
discoveries
that strongly
supported a
heliocentric
cosmogony
Galileo - 1564-1642 was -
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Polish
Danish
Italian
German
Greek
Galileo - 1564-1642 -
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Probably died a virgin
Was a priest and Lawyer
Had artificial wooden and silver noses
Probably died of Mercury poisoning
Rumored to have died when his bladder burst
Was blind at the time of his death
Was labeled a heretic by the church
Galileo - 1564-1642 -
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Probably died a virgin
Was a priest and Lawyer
Had artificial wooden and silver noses
Probably died of Mercury poisoning
Rumored to have died when his bladder burst
Was blind at the time of his death
Was labeled a heretic by the church
Galileo - 1564-1642 is known for -
1. First observations of the sun
2. First sun centered scientific model of the solar
system or universe
3. Being the world’s best naked-eye astronomer
4. Creating first a theoretical model to explain
planetary motions
5. Creating first a theoretical model for explaining
gravity
Galileo - 1564-1642 is known for -
1. First observations of the sun
2. First sun centered scientific model of the solar
system or universe
3. Being the world’s best naked-eye astronomer
4. Creating first a theoretical model to explain
planetary motions
5. Creating first a theoretical model for explaining
gravity
Milky Way
• There are thousands (billions) more stars in
the Milky Way than are visible to the naked
eye.
• Universe is bigger than imagined.
A Being with Ears
The Bulge of Saturn
• Saturn is not a sphere.
• Circles and spheres do not dominate the
heavens.
The Moon
• The moon has craters.
• The moon is not a perfect heavenly body.
Sunspots
• The Sun is not a perfect heavenly body.
• The Sun rotates about its own axis.
Galileo’s discoveries of the phases of Venus with
his telescope showed that Venus must orbit the
Sun and strongly supported a heliocentric model
Venus is clearly smallest when it in the full phase and largest when it is
in the new phase. Then Venus must be very far from Earth when it is
in the full phase and quite closes to Earth when in the new phase –
which supports the argument that Venus is orbiting the Sun not Earth.
Galileo’s telescope revealed phases of Venus
which could only occur IF Venus orbits the Sun.
Galileo’s telescope revealed phases of Venus
which could only occur IF Venus orbits the Sun.
Galileo’s telescope revealed phases of Venus
which could only occur IF Venus orbits the Sun.
Galileo’s telescope
revealed that Jupiter
had moons which
orbited Jupiter instead
of Earth.
IN MEMORY OF GALILEO
http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/gensched
a.asp?appl=SIM&xsl=biografia&ling
ua=ENG&chiave=300251
Isaac Newton
(1642 – 1727)
The Baddest
Dead White
Guy of Them
All
Isaac Newton (1642 – 1727) was -
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Polish
Danish
Italian
German
Greek
British
Isaac Newton (1642 – 1727) -
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Probably died a virgin
Was a priest and Lawyer
Had artificial wooden and silver noses
Probably died of Mercury poisoning
Rumored to have died when his bladder burst
Was blind at the time of his death
Was labeled a heretic by the church
Isaac Newton (1642 – 1727) -
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Probably died a virgin
Was a priest and Lawyer
Had artificial wooden and silver noses
Probably died of Mercury poisoning
Rumored to have died when his bladder burst
Was blind at the time of his death
Was labeled a heretic by the church
Isaac Newton (1642 – 1727) is known for -
1. First observations of the sun
2. First sun centered scientific model of the
solar system or universe
3. Being the world’s best naked-eye astronomer
4. Creating first a theoretical model to explain
planetary motions
5. Creating first theoretical model for
explaining gravity and …..
Isaac Newton (1642 – 1727) is known for -
1. First observations of the sun
2. First sun centered scientific model of the
solar system or universe
3. Being the world’s best naked-eye astronomer
4. Creating first a theoretical model to explain
planetary motions
5. Creating first theoretical model for
explaining gravity and …..
Isaac Newton
formulated
three laws of
motion and
the law of
gravitation –
these laws
describe the
motion of our
physical world
Newton’s Three Laws of Motion
First Law - A body remains at rest or moves in a
straight line at a constant speed unless acted
upon by an outside (net) force.
Second Law - (net) Force = mass x acceleration
Third Law - Whenever one body exerts a force on a
second body, the second body exerts an equal
and opposite force on the first body.
Newton’s First Law
• A body remains at rest or moves in a
straight line at a constant speed unless acted
upon by an outside (net) force.
• A rockets will coast in space along a
straight line at constant speed.
• A hokey puck glides across the ice at
constant speed until it hits something
Newton’s Second Law of Motion
• (net)Force = mass x acceleration or
Fnet = m x a
• Acceleration is the rate of change in
velocity – or how quickly your motion is
changing.
• Three accelerators in your car!!
Newton’s Third Law of Motion
• Whenever one body exerts a force on a
second body, the second body exerts an
equal and opposite force on the first body.
• Don’t need a rocket launch pad!
• The Bug and the Windshield – who is
having the worse day?
Newton’s Law of Gravitation
• Newton’s law of gravitation states: Two
bodies attract each other with a force that is
directly proportional the product of their
masses and is inversely proportional to the
square of the distance between them.
Fgrav
Gm1m2

2
d
What the ….? I thought I understood gravity?
Newton’s Law of Gravitation
• To figure out the gravitational force just
multiply the mass of the two things together
then divide by the distance they are apart
(squared).
m1
Fgrav
Gm1m2

2
d
d
m2
Newton’s Law and Gravitation
• All my favorite Projectiles behave like this!!!
Velocity
Acceleration
Force
Newton’s Laws and Kepler's
Laws
• Newton’s law of gravitation and his three laws of
motion prove all of Kepler’s laws
Newton's friend Edmund Halley predicted
the comet would return in 1758 and it did!
Gravity and Newton's Laws –
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Gravity and Newton's Laws –
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