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Final Jeopardy
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Name the 4 processes of
respiration and describe
them…
BACK TO GAME
Pulmonary ventilation - movement of air into/out of the lungs
External respiration - movement of O2 from the lungs to the
blood and CO2 from the blood to the lungs
Internal respiration - movement of O2 from the blood to the
cell interior and CO2 from the cell interior to the blood.
Cellular respiration - the breakdown of glucose, fatty acids and
amino acids that occurs in mitochondria and results in
production of ATP. It requires O2 and produces CO2.
BACK TO GAME
Describe Boyle's Law…
Equation
What the variables stand for
Definition
BACK TO GAME
- Describe the relationship between pressure differences and air
flow
- Gas pressure in closed container is inversely proportional to
volume of container
- PV = K
P denotes the pressure of the system.
V is the volume of the gas
k is a constant value representative of the pressure and
volume of the system.
- Definition:
Boyle’s law states that at constant temperature,
the absolute pressure and the volume of a gas
are inversely proportional. The law can also be
stated in a slightly different manner, that the
product of absolute pressure and volume is always
constant.
BACK TO GAME
How many lobes make
up each lung?
BACK TO GAME
Right lung: Three lobes
Left lung: Two lobes
BACK TO GAME
List the main factors
influencing hemoglobin
saturation (5)…
BACK TO GAME
- Temperature
- H+
- PCO2
- PO2,
- concentration of BPG
(an organic chemical)
- blood pH
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Describe the factors
that lead to COPD, as
well as the symptoms.
BACK TO GAME
- Exemplified by chronic bronchitis and obstructive
emphysema
- Patients have a history of:
- Smoking
- Dyspnea, where labored breathing occurs and
gets progressively worse
- Coughing and frequent pulmonary infections
- COPD victims develop respiratory failure accompanied
by hypoxemia, carbon dioxide retention, and
respiratory acidosis
BACK TO GAME
In humans, B
lymphocytes typically
gain immunocompetence
in the…
BACK TO GAME
BONE MARROW
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______________ is a key
component of our physical
barrier to invasion because
it is highly resistant to
bacterial enzymes and
toxins
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KERATIN
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Primary cellular
component of the nonimmune portion of the
lymph nodes and
spleen…
BACK TO GAME
RETICULAR CELLS
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List the cells of the
Immune response…
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•T-cells
•Cytotoxic T cells
•Helper T cells
•Suppressor T cells
•Memory T cells
BACK TO GAME
Macrophages
1. __________ - macrophages in the lungs.
2. __________ - macrophages in the skin.
3. __________ - macrophages in the liver.
4. __________ - macrophages in the brain.
5. __________ - macrophages in the bone.
BACK TO GAME
1. dust cells
2. langerhans’ cells
3. kupffer cells
4. microglia cells
5. osteoclast
BACK TO GAME
T lymphocytes gain
immunocompetence in
the…
BACK TO GAME
THYMUS
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List the two most
important
antimicrobial
proteins…
- Interferon
- Complement
BACK TO GAME
The most abundant
immunoglobulin type
is…
BACK TO GAME
IgG
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Cellular immunity is
primarily the function
of…
BACK TO GAME
T-LYMPHOCYTES
BACK TO GAME
Which of the following are not
phagocytes?
a)Dust cells
b)Eosinophils
c)Microglia
d)Mast cells
e)Plasma cells
BACK TO GAME
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Dust cells
Eosinophils
Microglia
Mast cells
Plasma cells
BACK TO GAME
Name two processes of
digestion
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Chemical and
mechanical
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What is the chief
function of the large
intestine?
BACK TO GAME
To reabsorb water to
prevent dehydration
BACK TO GAME
Name 3 functions of
the stomach
BACK TO GAME
• Temporary food storage
• Control the rate at which food
enters the duodenum
• Acid secretion and antibacterial
action
• Fluidisation of stomach contents
• Preliminary digestion with pepsin,
lipases etc
BACK TO GAME
What is gastric
emptying?
BACK TO GAME
The rate of movement of food
from the antrum of the
stomach, through the Pyloric
Sphincter (a true sphincter),
and into the duodenum
BACK TO GAME
Which hormone
stimulates the gall
bladder to contract and
discharge bile?
BACK TO GAME
Cholecystokinin (CKK)
BACK TO GAME
What is the uppermost
portion of the stomach
called?
BACK TO GAME
Fundus
BACK TO GAME
An anatomical
abnormality in which
part of the stomach
protrudes through the
diaphragm and up into
the chest.
BACK TO GAME
Hiatal hernia
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Name the 3 main
sections of the small
intestine
BACK TO GAME
Duodenum, Jejunum,
and Ileum
BACK TO GAME
What is the function of
the epiglottis and
where is it located?
BACK TO GAME
A small flap of skin that closes
over the pharynx to prevent
food from entering the
trachea and causing choking
BACK TO GAME
Name the 4 layers of the GI
tract from innermost to
outermost. Which layer is
responsible for peristalsis and
segmental contractions?
BACK TO GAME
- mucosa
- submucosa
- muscularis
- serosa.
- The muscularis is responsible for
peristalsis
BACK TO GAME
Symptoms:
watery nasal discharge
Sneezing
Stuffiness
sore throat
Fatigue
muscle aches
Headache
Fever (occasionally)
If the doctor suspects this disease, he will look
out for inflamed nasal lining, clear mucus or a
BACK TO GAME
red throat
The Common cold
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The abnormal growth of intestinal-type
cells above the border of the stomach
into the esophagus. The damage is
caused by stomach acid that leaks back
into the esophagus.
BACK TO GAME
Barretts Esophagus
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An ongoing disorder that causes
inflammation of the GI tract. It most
commonly affects the lower part of
the small intestine. The swelling can
cause pain and diarrhea.
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Crohn’s Disease
BACK TO GAME
A condition in which the liver slowly
deteriorates and malfunctions due to
chronic injury. Scar tissue replaces
healthy liver tissue, partially blocking
the flow of blood through the liver.
Scarring also impairs the liver’s ability
to regenerate damaged cells.
BACK TO GAME
cirrhosis of the liver
BACK TO GAME
What does GERD stand for?
What is it?
BACK TO GAME
- Gastro Esophageal Reflux Disease.
- Is a persistent condition that occurs
when the lower esophageal
sphincter opens spontaneously, for
varying periods of time, or does not
close properly and stomach
contents rise up into the esophagus.
BACK TO GAME
FINAL
JEOPARDY!!!
FINAL JEOPARDY
Trace a generic path of the
GI tract
BACK TO GAME
1.
2.
3.
4.
mouth
esophagus
stomach
small intestine (duodenum,
jejunum, ileum)
5. large intestine (colon)
6. rectum
7. anus.
BACK TO GAME