Transcript Electrotherapy low frequency currents.

Electric and
magnetic medical
equipment
Characteristics of electric
current.
Amperage is determined by the ratio
of the charge dq, which is
transferred through the cross
section of the conductor, the length
of time dt over which this charge is
transferred:
dq
I
dt
Characteristics of electric current.
Current density - a quantity which is
the ratio of current dI to the crosssectional area of the conductor dS
through which this current passes.
dI
j
dS
Characteristics of electric current.
In the case of direct current density
will be determined by the formula:
I
j
S
Ohm's law in differential form:
j
1

E E
current density is proportional to the
electric field, and it has the same
direction. Here  - resistivity  electrical conductivity.
Joule-Lenz law in differential
form
Skip electric current through
biological tissue is accompanied by
heating. The amount of heat that is
released at the same time:
Q  I Rt
2
Joule-Lenz law in differential
form
Heat capacity per unit volume:
q  j    E  jE
2
2
formula of heat and power per unit
volume is expressed Joule-Lenz in
differential form.
Electrical conductivity of
tissues.
Many biological environments
are electrolytes. Carriers in
electrolytes are positively
and negatively charged ions
that result from electrolytic
dissociation.
Electrical conductivity of
tissues.
The directed movement of ions in the
electrolyte can be considered
uniform, and the electric force is
balanced with the force of friction
Fe  Fòð
where
qE  r
r - coefficient of friction

- velocity of the ion.
Electrical conductivity of
tissues.
q
  E  bE
r
where
â

Å
b - the mobility of ions.
Electrical conductivity of
tissues.
The mobility of ions b is numerically
equal to the velocity of ordered
motion in the electric field of
intensity:
B
E 1
ì
ì
b  
ñÂ
2
Electrical conductivity of
tissues.
The electrical conductivity of
electrolytes is given by:
  nq b  b 
Here  - the coefficient of electrolytic
dissociation n - ion concentration.
Electrical conductivity of
tissues.
Current density in the electrolyte is:
j  nq b  b E
Galvanization and
electrophoresis treatment.
Apply a small direct current power
(50 mA) and voltage of 30-80 V
with the purpose of treatment is
called galvanization.
Medical electrophoresis - combined
effect of direct electric current and
the drug substance administered
with it.
Galvanization and
electrophoresis treatment.
Conducting electrophoresis procedure
Galvanization and
electrophoresis treatment.
Apparatus for galvanization and electrophoresis STREAM-1
Galvanization and
electrophoresis treatment.
Galvanization and electrophoresis of
drug dosing in current density (the
number of current active electrode
area 1 см 2 ), time and number of
procedures per treatment.
Therapeutic current density in the
oral cavity is 0.1-0.5 mA /см 2 children
0.05 mA /см 2 time of 20-30min, per
treatment and 30 treatments.
Galvanization and
electrophoresis treatment.
Ingestion medical substance in tissues
(galvanization)
Galvanization and
electrophoresis treatment.
There are three types of
electrophoresis:
 frontal,
 zonal,
 continuous.
Galvanization and
electrophoresis treatment.
In frontal electrophoresis
macromolecules found
throughout the bulk solution
and the mobility determined
by shlirenovskoyi optics as a
function of time.
Galvanization and
electrophoresis treatment.
In the zonal electrophoresis sample
micropipette applied as spots or
stripes (zones) on the surface of the
carrier and move microparticles in
solution at different rates according
to their electrophoretic properties.
Galvanization and
electrophoresis treatment.
With continuous
electrophoresis sample is
applied as a band, but it add
all the time.
Galvanization and
electrophoresis treatment.
Types of zonal electrophoresis:




Electrophoresis on paper;
Electrophoresis on cellulose
acetate;
Thin-layer electrophoresis;
Gel electrophoresis.
Galvanization and
electrophoresis treatment.
The movement of molecules during the electrophoresis.
Pulsed current and its
characteristics.
Electrical impulses called
short-term change in
amperage. Pulses, called
repetitive pulsed current.
Pulsed current and its
characteristics.
I
2
Imax
3
1
t1
t2
t3,4
5
t5
t
4
Typical plots of momentum
are:
1-2 front, top 2-3, 3-4 cut (front or
rear), tail 4-5.
Імпульсний струм та його
характеристики.
I
i
t
T
The period of pulse current
T - Is the average time between the start
neighboring pulses.
Pulsed current and its
characteristics.
Reciprocal of the period is called the
frequency of pulse spacing:
1
f 
T
Effects of pulsed current to the
tissue.



Irritating effect stumu directly
proportional rate of growth of
current, ie the steepness of the
front pulse.
In certain limits irritant effect is
proportional to the pulse duration.
Physiological effects of pulsed
current depends on the duty cycle
(fill factor).
Electrotherapy.
Implementation procedures electrosleep.
Electrotherapy.
Apparatus for the treatment of electrosleep-ES-10-5 "Electrosleep"
Electrotherapy.
Radius Cranio-01.
Electrotherapy.
The device “Radius Cranio-01"
implemented basic types of
transcranial electrotherapy
(TET), which are widely used
in medical practice.
Alternating current.
In the broadest sense
alternating current - is any
current that varies with time.
Alternating current.
R
Amperage in a circle with a resistor
will vary in phase with the applied
voltage:
I R I max R cos t
Alternating current.
L
Current strength in terms of the
inductor will fall in phase from

applied voltage to
:
2


I L  I max L cos t  
2

Alternating current.
C
Current strength in terms of the
capacitor will outperform the phase

voltage at :
2


I C  I max C cos t  
2

Vector diagrams areas of
amperage and voltage.
I max
U max R
a)
U max L

2

2
I max
b)
I max
U max L
c)
Impedance alternating current at
stake.
1 

Z  R   L 

C 

2
Z - full resistance range of AC is
called impedance.
Electrotherapy low frequency
currents.
Electrotherapy device "Radius-01".
Electrotherapy low frequency
currents.
Portable single-channel device
"radius, 01" for the treatment of
various diseases using low
frequency electrotherapy currents.
Beneficial combines the functions
for:



- galvanization and electrophoresis;
- diadynamic therapy;
- extended amplipulse therapy.
Electrotherapy low frequency
currents.
Device for electrotherapy currents of low frequency "Radius-01 FT»
Electrotherapy low frequency
currents.
Portable single-channel device "radius FT01" is designed for the treatment of
various diseases using low frequency
electrotherapy currents. Beneficial
combines the functions for:






-
galvanization and electrophoresis;
diadynamic therapy;
extended amplipulse therapy;
fluctuarization;
electrical stimulation;
elektrosleep.
Electrotherapy low frequency
currents.
Amplipulse therapy - a method of
electrotherapy in which the patient
is influenced variable sinusoidal
modulated currents low power. They
combine the advantages of high
currents and low frequencies.
Electrotherapy low frequency
currents.
Fluctuarization - use for therapeutic
purposes AC, partially or fully
rectified current low voltage (100 V)
with frequency (up to 2000 Hz) and
amplitude (up to 3 mA/sm2) that
vary randomly.
Electrotherapy high frequency.
Darsonvalization - use for therapeutic
purposes high frequency current (IN kHz)
and voltage (20-30 kV) at low power (up
to 5 mA) current modulated by a series of
oscillations lasting 100 ms following a
frequency of 100 Hz. The method derives
its name from the author - French
physicist, physiologist and physician
Jacques D'Arsonval.
Electrotherapy high frequency.
Apparatus for local darsonvalization Crown (3 electrodes).
Electrotherapy high frequency.
Проведення процедури дарсонвалізації.
Thank you!