Transcript Top 100 Biology Questions - From LtoJ Consulting Group

Top 105 Physical
Science Concepts
By: Ms. Ancell
[email protected]
Questions
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1
Identify
a Problem
Scientists
often
use the scientific
method
problems. List the
Make to
a solve
Hypothesis
steps of the scientific method.
Conduct an Experiment
Make Observations
Draw Conclusions
2
A __________ is an
educatedHypothesis
guess about what
will occur in an experiment.
3
The_______ variable is the variable
that is changed or manipulated by the
experimenter. There should only be
one of these variables.
Independent
4
This variable changes as a
result of changes made to
the independent variable.
Dependent
5
_____ variables are variables
which must be held constant
during an experiment to ensure
that there is only one
independent variable affecting
the results of the experiment
Controlled
6
A ___ ___ provides a basis for
comparison in an experiment.
control group
7
For a line graph the ______
variable is place on the x axis
(horizontal) and the _____ variable
is placed on the y axis (vertical).
independent, dependent
8
When we describe an environment
based on our five senses, it is called
an _________. When we bring our
past experience into making a
judgment based on an observation, it
is an ____.
observation, inference
9
The ______ of an object refers to
the amount of matter in an object.
Its unit is the _______.
It is measured with a __________.
mass, gram, balance
10
The ______ of an object refers
to the amount of space an object
occupies. The SI unit is ______.
volume, liters
11
The ____ of an object refers to
the pull of gravity on an object.
The SI unit is the_______. It is
measured with a ______.
weight, Newton, scale
12
The _________ of an object
refers to the average kinetic
energy of the particles in the
object. The SI unit is ____.
It is measured with a _____.
temperature, Kelvin,
thermometer
13
The kinetic theory of
matter states that
___________________.
All matter is made up of tiny
particles that are constantly
moving
14
________ is a physical
property that measures how
tightly the particles are
packed together in a
substance.
Density
15
Density can be calculated
by dividing the ____ of an
object by it’s ______.
mass, volume
16
1. Solid
2. Liquid
3. Gas
4. Plasma
1. B
2. D
A. Electrically charged
particles act much like a
gas.
B. Particles packed closely
together and vibrate back
and forth.
C. Particles are far apart
and are moving very
quickly.
D. Particles are not as close
together and free to move
around.
3. C
4. A
17
The process of changing a solid to a
liquid is called____. The energy
required to do this is called the
_______________. This same
amount of heat must be removed to
change a liquid to a solid. This
process is called _______.
melting, heat of fusion, freezing
18
The process of changing a liquid to a
gas is called____. The energy
required to do this is called the
_______________. This same
amount of heat must be removed to
change a gas to a liquid. This
process is called _______.
evaporation, heat of
vaporization, condensation
19
The direct change of a
solid to a gas is _____.
Sublimation
20
When energy is added to a material, but
not enough to cause a phase change, the
particles still move faster and move slightly
farther apart. This is called ____ _____.
This also causes a decrease in _____
because the particles are not packed
together as tightly.
thermal expansion, density
21
The temperature at which all
particle motion would stop is
called _____ ____.
absolute zero
22
The ______ ____ of a
substance measures how much
energy must be added to
cause the substance’s
temperature to increase.
specific heat
23
Matter is made up of tiny
particles called atoms. The
sub-atomic particles of
atoms are ____, _____ and
_____.
Protons, neutrons and electrons
24
Protons are _____ charged
particles found in the ____ of
an atom, with a mass of
approximately ______.
Positively, nucleus, 1 atomic
mass unit (amu)
25
Neutrons are ____ charged
particles found in the ____
of an atom, with a mass of
approximately ________.
neutrally, nucleus, 1
atomic mass unit (amu)
26
Electrons are _____ charged
particles found in the ____ of
an atom. It has a mass of
approximately___.
Negatively, electron cloud, 0
27
_____ are substances made
up of only 1 type of atom.
_____ are substances made
up of 2 or more types of
atoms that have chemically
combined.
Elements, Compounds
28
Each element is assigned a 1-3 letter
symbol. The first letter of each symbol is
always ______. The symbols are used to
write formulas for compounds, with ____
indicating the number of atoms of each
type of element found in the compound.
Capitalized, subscripts
29
The number of ____ found
in an atom is called the
atomic number. Each
element has a ___ atomic
number.
Protons, unique
30
The mass number of an atom
refers to the total number of
____ and ___ in an atom.
Atoms of the same element
with different mass numbers
are called ___.
Protons, neutrons, isotopes
31
A(n) _____ is an atom with a
positive or negative charge.
ion
32
The elements are arranged on
the periodic table in order of
ascending _________.
Atomic number
33
Each row on the periodic
table is called a ____.
Period
34
Each column on the periodic
table is called a ___; these
elements usually have ___
properties.
group, similar
35
Metals are found on the ___
side of the periodic table;
non metals on the ____ side ;
and metalloids are found along
the ____.
Left, right, stair step
36
Atoms combine with other atoms to
become chemically ____, following
the ___ rule which states that the
outer electron level needs to have
eight electrons to fill the outer shell.
Stable, octet
37
The _____ are group 18 on the
periodic table. These atoms are
already stable, and thus will/will not
combine with other atoms to create
compounds.
noble gases, will not
38
When an atom gains or loses
electrons to become chemically
stable, it becomes an ion and will
likely form an ___ bond with one
or more atoms of the opposite
charge.
ionic
39
When an atom shares electrons to
become chemically stable, it forms a
___ bond with the other atoms.
covalent
40
A ____ compound is a
compound made up of just 2
elements. A ____ compound
contains more than 2
elements.
Binary, polyatomic
41
Write the name for (?binary compound?)
and the formula for (?binary compound?).
Period
table
42
An ______ is a number that
determines how an element will
combine with other elements in a
compound. It is often the charge
of the element when it is
chemically stable.
Oxidation number
43
Write the name for (?polyatomic compound?)
and the formula for (?polyatomic
compound?).
Period
table
44
A ______ ____ occurs when atoms recombine
to form new compounds, molecules or atoms.
The mass of the products of the reaction
must equal the mass of the reactants to
satisfy the law of _______ __ _______.
Chemical reaction,
conservation of mass
45
A _______ ______ is a shorthand way to
write a chemical reaction. _______ are used
to balance the chemical equation so that the
numbers of atoms of each element are the
same on both sides of the equation to show
that the law of conservation of mass is being
satisfied.
Chemical equation, Coefficients
46
In a synthesis reaction, an element and
compound react to create ___ product(s).
In a __________ reaction, one reactant
breaks down to form two or more products.
one, decomposition
47
In a ____ _______ reaction, an
element and compound react, creating
a new compound and a new single
element. In a ________ _________
reaction, two compounds react,
creating two new compounds
Single replacement, double replacement
48
__ is a measure of the acidity of a
solution using the numbers from_ to _
with _ representing a neutral solution
such as pure water.
pH, 0, 14, 7
49
A _____ is a chemical that
changes colors depending on the
pH of a solution, allowing you
to determine if the solution is
an acid or base.
indicator
50
An acid is a compound that produces
_______ ions when placed in a solution.
It has a pH __
(range).
Acids are corrosive,
electrolytes, usually taste _____.
Hydrogen, less than 7, sour
51
A base is a compound that produces
_____ ions when placed in a solution.
It has a pH _______(range). Bases
are corrosive electrolytes, and usually
tastes _____ and feel ______.
Hydroxide, greater than 7,bitter, slippery
52
A neutralization reaction is a
chemical reaction between an acid
and a base, creating a ____ and
____.
salt, water
53
Electricity involves the movement
of ______.
electrons
54
Electrons move from areas of
______electrons to areas with
__ electrons.
lots, few
55
T/F Lighting is the movement of
many electrons from an area with
lots of electrons to an area with
few electrons
true
56
T/F When you rub two objects
together, one object will lose
some electrons and the other
will gain some electrons.
true
57
______ is when you make an
object become charged just by
bringing another charged object
near (not touching) the object.
induction
58
Electrons can move through some
materials called _____ much
easier than through other
materials called______.
conductors, insulators
59
Opposite charges ____ to
one another; like charges
_____ one another.
attract, repel
60
The ______ _____ is an area
around a charged object that
acts like it has the same charge
itself.
electric field
61
To keep electrons flowing through a
circuit, a ______ _____ must be
provided (by a battery or outlet) to
get the electrons to move away from
their nucleus.
potential difference
62
A _____ is a closed path
through which electrons can
flow.
circuit
63
The number of electrons flowing
past one point in the circuit in
one second is called ___; it is
measured in a unit called ____.
current, amperes
64
The amount of energy available
to push electrons along a wire
is called ___; it is measured in
a unit called ____.
voltage, volts
65
The opposition to flow of
electrons in a circuit is called
____; it is measured in a unit
called ____.
resistance, ohms
66
If the voltage of a circuit is
increased, the current will
____; if the resistance of a
circuit is increased, the
current will ___.
increase, decrease
67
The rate at which electricity
does work or provides energy is
called ___; it is measured in a
unit called ____.
power, watts
68
In _____ provided by an outlet, the
electrons moving in a circuit alternate
direction 120 times every second. In ___
provided by a battery, the electrons move
in one direction only.
alternating current (AC),
direct current (DC)
69
A magnet has a north pole and a
south pole. Like poles ___ each
other, and opposite poles ___
each other.
repel, attract
70
The _____ is the area around the
magnet where the forces of
attraction and repulsion can be
felt.
magnetic field
71
Magnetic ___ are groups of atoms with
aligned magnetic poles. For an object
to be magnetic, they must be ___.
Domains, aligned
72
Electricity can be used to align
magnetic domains; magnets
created this way are called ___.
electromagnets
73
A ______ converts electrical
energy to mechanical energy by
using the forces of attraction
and repulsion between
electromagnets and permanent
magnets.
Electric motor
74
_______ is a process used to make
energy by moving a wire through a
magnetic field. Generators at power
plants use this process to produce
alternating current (AC) electricity.
Electromagnetic induction
75
______ are used to step up or
step down voltage of alternating
current using electromagnetism
and electromagnetic induction.
Transformers
76
Waves are rhythmic disturbances
that carry ____ through space or
matter. The material through
which it travels is called ____.
Energy, medium
77
_____ measures the distance
from the beginning of one wave
to the beginning of the next
wave.
Wavelength
78
_____ measures the number of waves that pass a
place in one second; it is measured in hertz.
Frequency
79
_____ measures the speed of
the wave.
Wave velocity
80
When the wavelength of a wave
decreases, the frequency
____.
Increases
81
In ____ waves, such as light waves, the medium
moves at a right angle to the direction the wave is
moving. The ____ measures the displacement of
the medium compared to the equilibrium position.
The high points these waves are called ____, and
the low points are called ___.
Transverse, amplitude, crests, troughs
82
List the waves of the electro
magnetic spectrum in order
from shortest to longest waves.
Gamma rays, x-rays, ultraviolet,
visible light, infrared, and radio waves
83
In ____ waves, such as sound
waves, the medium vibrates in the
same direction as the direction
the wave is moving.
compressional
84
The pitch of a sound wave
depends on the wave ____;
higher pitches are created by
_____.
Frequency, higher frequencies
85
The ___ is the perceived change in
wave frequency when a sound source
passes by a listener; the wave pitch
is ___ before the sound source passes
by, because the object is catching up
to its own sound waves.
Doppler effect, lower
86
The primary colors of light are __, __ and __; when
added together, they make ___ light. The primary
colors of pigment are __, __ and __; when added
together, they make __ pigment.
Red, blue, green,
white,
magenta, cyan, yellow,
black
87
When waves reflect off surface,
they follow the law of reflection:
the angle of ______ equals the
angle of______.
incidence, reflection
88
When waves enter a new medium,
they bend due to the change in
velocity; this is called _____.
refraction
89
_______ is when waves bend as
they go around tiny barriers in a
material.
Diffraction
90
The rate of change of position of
an object is called _____; the
______ tells you not only the
rate of change of position, but
also the direction of movement.
speed,
velocity
91
The rate of change of the speed
of an object is called________.
acceleration
92
A force is a ____ or ____ on
object. The size of the force
is measured in a unit called
______.
push, pull, Newtons
93
______ forces act equally on a
object from all sides, resulting in
no change in motion.
Balanced
94
___ forces do not act equally on an
object from all sides, resulting in
acceleration for the object.
Net
95
Newton’s 1st law of motion states that
______________________. It is
sometimes called the law of _____,
which is the tendency of an object to
resist any changes in its motion.
objects will maintain a constant
velocity unless acted on by as net
force; inertia
96
Newton’s 2nd law of motion states
that
______________________________
_____________.
the amount of acceleration of an object is
directly proportional to the size of the net
force and inversely proportional to the
mass of the object.
97
Newton’s 3rd law of motion states
that
____________________________
__________.
forces always occur in pairs; in other
words, for every action there is a equal
and opposite reaction.
98
______ is a force that opposes
motion between two surfaces
that are touching.
Friction
99
_______ is a force that pulls
two objects together. ______
is a measure of the amount of
this force acting on an object.
Gravity, Weight
100
________ is a force that slows
down moving objects due to the
friction between the object and
the air.
Air resistance
101
_____ is the ability to cause
change. It is measured in a unit
called ______.
Energy, Joules
102
_____ _____ is stored energy. ______
_____ is the energy due to the motion of
an object. AS an object falls towards the
earth, _______ energy is converted to
______ energy.
Potential energy, Kinetic energy,
potential, kinetic
103
The law of ________ __ ____
states that energy cannot be
created of destroyed; however, it
can be changed from one form to
another.
Conservation of energy
104
_____ is using energy to apply a
force over a distance. Like
energy, it is measured in _____.
Work, Joules
105
______ is the rate at which work
is done. It is measured in ____.
Power, Watts