Transcript Alan Townsend Workplace and Commuting Phase 1

Workplace and commuting
in the North East
Professor Alan Townsend
Data Sources
• 2001 Census of Population (29 April 2001)
• Standard Tables / Theme Tables
– static resident population + limited workplace population
– theme table 10 on resident, workplace & daytime
population
• Special Workplace Statistics
– origin (residence) / destination (workplace) matrices
– based on all persons aged 16-74 in employment
– analyses based on set 1 – local authority matrices
Geographies
• North East Government Office Region:
• Four sub-regions:
– Northumberland County
– Tyne & Wear Metropolitan County
– County Durham (excluding Darlington)
– Tees Valley (Darlington, Hartlepool, Middlesbrough, Redcar & Cleveland, Stockton)
• 23 local authority districts
• Commuting to/from surrounding regions:
– Yorks & Humber; North West; Scotland; rest of UK
Definitions 1
residents in
employment
out
commuters
workplace
population
lives &
works in
area
in
commuters
Definitions 2
• People who live and work in an area include:
– local commuters: i.e. people who travel from home to a
workplace in the same area
– homeworkers: people who work mainly at or from home
• 2001 Census: people with no fixed workplace
generally counted as working at or from home
• In Special Workplace Statistics all above groups
counted as living and working in the same area
A Word of Caution
• Data quality relies on accuracy of data recorded on form:
– In Tyne & Wear: 339 in commuters travel over 60 kms on foot
– In Alnwick: 12 people working in the district travel less than 10kms
to work by underground/Metro
• Disclosure control adjustments affect data. Resident
population of Tees Valley:
– 256,369 according to SWS table 101
– 256,247 according to SWS table 107
• moral: be cautious of small numbers or small differences
Report Contents
• 1
• 2
Executive summary
Introduction
• Part A: Topic Analyses
– 3 Workers, residents and commuters
– 4 Origins and destinations of commuters
– 5 Distance and method of travel to work
– 6 Age, hours worked, employment status
– 7 Industry, occupation and socio-economic class
– 8 Homeworkers and mobile workers
• Part B: Districts
– 9 District level commuting patterns
– 10 District profiles
Executive summary (1)
• The North East has been traditionally characterised as distinct from the
rest of England through having few external commuting flows, and
having local travel-to-work patterns that were seen as restricting the
mobility required for modern economic development.
• The 2001 Census shows a continuing shift away from the previous
pattern, with increased mobility (accelerated in some areas through
industrial closures) lagging behind the rest of England. The shift in ten
years is not necessarily all that striking on all measures; rather is it a
statement of the “inevitability of gradualness” in a transition to new
regional lifestyles.
• In almost every area, male flows exceed female as a proportion of the
respective working populations.
Executive summary (2)
• When we look at occupations, the greatest volumes and ratios of commuting
are found amongst managers, senior officials, professional workers, and their
associate and technical occupations.
• The greatest concentration in the age groups 35-49 and 60-64 is in
Northumberland, in line with the general impression of the movement of more
affluent housing from Newcastle upon Tyne into that county.
• Part-time work is traditionally associated with females and with shorter
distance movement. Tees Valley shows the highest proportions of part-time
work and County Durham the lowest.
• The greener forms of travel have failed to advance in importance, and stand
at low levels. Use of foot, bicycle and bus modes appears to have declined
(together with the motor cycle); cycling is below national averages, with only
1.7 percent of work journeys.
Executive summary (3)
• The proportions travelling by public transport, at 14.8 percent, are
slightly lower than in England and Wales and weighted more to the bus
than the train.
• Newcastle upon Tyne is the more dependent on public transport (27%
of journeys) as to a smaller degree are Durham City and
Middlesbrough. The smallest dependence on the bus is shown in the
most rural areas.
• There was an increase of 28 percent in workers travelling into Tyne and
Wear (from 64,500 to 82,600), which is associated with many net
changes but above all with its largest growth of employment from the
growth of offices in Business Services both in the City of Newcastle and
sites and business parks across the area at large
Distance travelled to work (residents)
30%
Northumberland
Tyne and Wear
25%
County Durham
Tees Valley
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
Less
than 2
km
2km to
5km
5km to
10km
10km to
20km
20km to
30km
30km to
40km
Over
40km
Home
No fixed
workers
place
Method of travel to work (residents)
70%
Northumberland
Tyne and Wear
60%
County Durham
Tees Valley
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
h
er
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Industry (workplace population)
25%
Northumberland
Tyne and Wear
County Durham
Tees Valley
15%
10%
5%
0%
si
on
al
ar
ia
l
12%
ta
ry
14%
el
em
en
pe
rs
on
al
se
rv
sa
ic
le
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s/
cu
st
om
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se
pr
rv
oc
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ac
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i ll
ed
&
pr
of
;
ad
m
in
as
so
c
an
ag
er
s
pr
of
es
m
Occupation (residents)
16%
35 Northumberland
2D Tyne and Wear
20 Durham County
00 Tees Valley
10%
8%
6%
4%
2%
0%