Transcript Chapter 29

Introduction
Section 1:
The Land
Section 2:
Climate and Vegetation
Visual Summary
Millions of years ago, tectonic
activity formed the
landmasses of Southeast
Asia. Straddling the Equator,
the peninsulas and islands of
the region stretch from the
Asian mainland almost to
Australia. A study of the
physical geography of
Southeast Asia will explain its
beginnings, its natural
barriers of mountains and
water, its tempestuous
volcanoes, and its abundant
natural resources.
Section 1:
The Land
Physical processes
shape Earth’s surface.
Southeast Asia’s
landmasses were formed
millions of years ago by
tectonic plate collisions
and related volcanic
eruptions.
Section 2: Climate and
Vegetation
The characteristics and
distribution of ecosystems
help people understand
environmental issues. The
climates of Southeast Asia
support diverse ecosystems
and natural habitats, some of
which have already
disappeared or are
endangered because of
logging and urbanization.
The Land
Southeast Asia’s
landmasses were formed
millions of years ago by
tectonic plate collisions
and related volcanic
eruptions.
The Land
• cordillera
• flora
• archipelago • fauna
• insular
• predominantly
• resource
The Land
A. Indochina Peninsula
B. Malay Peninsula
C. Annam Cordillera
D. Ring of Fire
E. Irrawaddy River
F. Chao Phraya River
G. Red River
H. Mekong River
The Land
Why is the Mekong River so
important in this region?
A. Source of life
0%
C
A
C. Both A and B apply
B
A. A
B. B
0%C. 0%
C
B. Dependable travel
Landforms
Tectonic plate movement and volcanic
activity created the landforms of Southeast
Asia millions of years ago.
• Peninsulas and islands:
– Indochina Peninsula
– Malay Peninsula
Landforms (cont.)
• About half of Southeast Asia’s 11 countries are on
the mainland; the rest are island countries.
• Island countries:
– Brunei
– East Timor
– Indonesia
– Singapore
– Philippines
Landforms (cont.)
• Mountains dominate Southeast Asia, creating
geographic and political boundaries:
– Arakan Yoma range
– Bilauktaung Range
– Annam Cordillera
Landforms (cont.)
• Volcanoes:
– Many of the mountains form part of the Ring of
Fire.
– 327 volcanoes stretch across Indonesia.
Tectonic Activity in Southeast Asia
Which volcano’s eruption
was one of the twentieth
century’s most powerful?
A. Krakatau
0%
D
0%
A
D. Gunung Semeru
A
B
C0%
D
C
C. Gunung Merapi
A.
B.
C.
0%
D.
B
B. Mount Pinatubo
Water Systems
The rivers of Southeast Asia provide
essential transportation routes of sediment
deposits for rich, fertile soils.
• Major rivers:
– Irrawaddy
– Chao Phraya
– Red
– Mekong
The people in this region
depend on rivers for
which of the following?
D. Farming
B
A
E. All of the above
0%
0%
E
C. Food
D
B. Communication
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
0%
0%
0%
E. E
C
A. Transportation
Natural Resources
Southeast Asia’s natural resources are as
diverse as its physical features.
• Fossil fuels:
– Petroleum
– Oil
– Natural gas
– Coal
Natural Resources (cont.)
• Minerals and gems:
– Nickel
– Iron
– Copper
– Tin
– Sapphires and rubies
– Pearls
Natural Resources (cont.)
• Flora and fauna:
– Rafflesia arnoldii
– Orchids
– Rubber trees
– Teak
– Elephants, tigers, rhinoceroses, orangutans
– Bearded pig, lacewing butterfly, Komodo
dragon
Which country is a
member of OPEC?
A. Vietnam
B. Indonesia
0%
D
A
0%
A
B
C
0%
D
C
D. The Philippines
A.
B.
C.
0%
D.
B
C. Borneo
Climate and Vegetation
The climates of Southeast
Asia support diverse
ecosystems and natural
habitats, some of which
have already disappeared
or are endangered
because of logging and
urbanization.
Climate and Vegetation
• endemic
• compound
• alternate
Climate and Vegetation
A. Shan Plateau
B. New Guinea
Climate and Vegetation
Which type of climate
dominates this region?
A. Tropical wet
B. Tropical dry
C. Humid subtropical
D. Highland
0%
A
A.
B.
C.
0%
D.
B
A
B
C
0%
D
C
0%
D
Tropical Regions
The tropical climates of Southeast Asia are
extensive and support diverse ecosystems.
• A tropical wet climate dominates island South Asia,
while most parts of the mainland and some of the
islands have a tropical dry or humid subtropical
climate.
Southeast Asia: Climate Regions
Which city has transformed
from a place of rain forests
and mangrove trees to an
urban area?
A. Bangkok
0%
D
D. Jakarta
A
0%
A
B
C0%
D
C
C. Hanoi
A.
B.
C.
0%
D.
B
B. Singapore
Midlatitude Regions
In midlatitude regions of Southeast Asia,
humid subtropical and highland climates
support a variety of vegetation.
• Humid subtropical
– The Shan Plateau has lower temperatures than
the rest of the country.
Southeast Asia: Vegetation
Midlatitude Regions (cont.)
• Highland—Myanmar, New Guinea, and Borneo
Which area in the midlatitude
region is referred to as
“tropical Scotland”?
A. Vietnam
0%
D
0%
A
D. Laos
A
B
C0%
D
C
C. The mountains of Borneo
A.
B.
C.
0%
D.
B
B. The Shan Plateau
A. Minerals and Gems
•
Indonesia and
Malaysia are leading
producers of tin.
•
Malaysia and
Vietnam are rich in
oil.
•
Sapphires and rubies
are found in
Myanmar, Thailand,
Cambodia, and
Vietnam.
•
Pearls are harvested
in the Philippines.
B. Mekong River
•
Begins in China and
forms the border
between Thailand
and Laos
•
Sediment deposits
build up delta.
C. Fossil Fuels
•
Plentiful supply of
coal, oil, and natural
gas
•
Malaysia, Brunei, and
Indonesia export
large amounts of oil.
•
Coal comes from
Vietnam and the
Philippines.
D. Malay Peninsula
•
Includes parts of
Thailand and
Malaysia
•
Surrounded by Gulf
of Thailand and Strait
of Malacca
•
Tropical wet climate
E. Indochina
Peninsula
•
Includes all of
Vietnam, Laos,
Cambodia, and
Myanmar, and part
of Thailand
•
Surrounded by South
China Sea, Gulf of
Thailand, and
Andaman Sea
•
Major rivers of the
region are located
here.
•
Humid subtropical
climate in the north,
tropical wet and
tropical dry in the
south
F. Mountains and
Volcanoes
•
Dominate the
region’s landscape
and create
geographic and
political boundaries
•
Parallel ranges on
the mainland
•
Mountains on islands
form part of Ring of
Fire; some are
volcanoes.
•
Fertile, volcanic soil
makes islands
productive
agricultural areas.
G. Island Southeast
Asia
•
Includes Brunei, East
Timor, Indonesia,
Singapore, and the
Philippines
•
Series of
archipelagoes that
extend from Indian
Ocean to Pacific
Ocean
•
Many of the islands
have not been
named and are not
inhabited.
•
Mostly tropical wet
climate
cordillera
parallel chains or ranges of
mountains
archipelago
a group or chain of islands
insular
constituting an island, as in Java
flora
the plant life of a region
fauna
the animal life of a region
endemic
native plant or animal species
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