Transcript Geography: Basic Skills

1.
2.
3.
4.
North America
Caribbean
Central America
South America
5.
6.
7.
8.
Sub-Saharan Africa 9. India
North Africa
10.East Asia
Europe
11.South East Asia
Middle East
12.Oceania
Geography: Basic Skills
Using tools and Methods of
Geographers
Region
• An area with similar physical features and
common cultural characteristics
– EX – North vs South America
– EX – North Africa vs Sub-Saharan Africa
Today’s Objective
• Know our 1st benchmark
• Use different geographical tools, such as
direction, coordinates, keys, scales and
different map types
• Find locations on a map using longitude and
latitude.
1st Benchmark of the Year
Benchmark
SS.11.7.2
Use tools and methods of geographers to
understand changing views of world regions
What do you need to be able to do to achieve this benchmark?
-Students will be able to…
1. Use tools of geographers.
1. Be able to find things on maps using keys, scales,
directions, coordinates and glossaries.
2. Use methods of geographers.
1. Analyze and use different types maps
2. Identify physical features, major landforms and regions
Map Components
Title
Grid
Key or Legend
Compass
Scale
Hemispheres?
Relative Location VS Absolute Location
• Location = how to find a specific place in the world
• Relative Location
• Relative to an other place
• Uses distance and direction from a known place to find location
• Not as specific or exact
• Use the SCALE (distance) and COMPASS (direction) to find
• EX: 2,600miles South West of California
• Absolute Location
• Precisely where a place is on a map
• Exact location with no relation to anywhere else
• Use longitude and latitude coordinates
• Will be given in degrees and hemisphere like a graph
• EX: 23*N, 165*W
• Relative to an other place
• Uses distance and direction from a known place to find location
• Not as specific or exact
• Use the SCALE (distance) and COMPASS (direction) to find
• EX: 2,600miles South West of California
Find a know Place
Find the Scale
Find the Compass
Or know which
direction is North
Mark on a piece of
paper the distance
Measure the distance
Between your two
Marks with the scale
What direction is the
Line going from
The known place
• Precisely where a place is on a map
• Exact location with no relation to anywhere else
• Use longitude and latitude coordinates
• Will be given in degrees and hemisphere like a graph
• EX: 23*N, 165*W
Typical Graph
Y axis
X axis
• Each point has two
values:
• The “X” value that
runs along the
horizontal “X”
axis
• The “Y” value that
runs along the
vertical “Y” axis
East West, North South on The Earth
Y
• Let the X axis be the
Equator.
• Let the Y axis be the
Prime Meridian, that runs
through Greenwich
X
outside of London.
• Lat/Long are the 2 grid
points by which you can
locate any point on earth.
W
East West, North South on the Earth
• Let each of the
N
four quarters
then be
designated by
E
North or South
and East or
S
West.
• EX: 7*n, 64*e
15*s, 125*w
East West, North South on the Earth
(N, W)
(S, W)
(N, E)
(S, E)
• The N tells us we’re north
of the Equator.
• The S tells us we’re south
of the Equator.
• The E tells us we’re east
of the Prime Meridian.
• The W tells us we’re west
of the Prime Meridian.
East West, North South on the Earth
(N, W)
Prime Meridian
• That means all points
in North
America will have a
North latitude and a
West longitude
because it is North of
the Equator and West
of the Prime
Meridian.
East West, North South on the Earth
Equator
Prime Meridian
• What would be the
latitude and
longitude
directions in
Australia?
If you said South and East , you’re right!
What is Latitude?
90°N
Y
X
90°S
• Latitude is the distance
from the equator along
the Y axis.
• All points along the
equator have a value of
0 degrees latitude.
• North pole = 90°N
• South pole = 90°S
• Values are expressed in
terms of degrees.
What is Longitude?
Y
180°W
• Longitude is the distance
from the prime meridian
along the X axis.
• All points along the
prime meridian have a
value of 0 degrees
X
longitude.
• The earth is divided into
two parts, or
hemispheres, of east
and west longitude.
180°E
What is Longitude?
Y
X
180°W
180°E
• The earth is
divided into 360
equal slices
(meridians)
• 180 west and
180 east of the
prime meridian
See If You Can Tell In Which Quarter
These Lon/Lats Are Located
A
C
•
•
•
B•
•
•
D
1. 41°N, 21°E
2. 37°N, 76°W
3. 72°S, 141°W
4. 7°S, 23°W
5. 15°N, 29°E
6. 34°S, 151°E
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
B
A
C
C
B
D
Now you’re ready to find some
locations on a map!
Relative Location VS Absolute Location
• Location = how to find a specific place in the world
• Relative Location
• Relative to an other place
• Uses distance and direction from a known place to find location
• Not as specific or exact
• Use the SCALE (distance) and COMPASS (direction) to find
• EX: 2,600miles South West of California
• Absolute Location
• Precisely where a place is on a map
• Exact location with no relation to anywhere else
• Use longitude and latitude coordinates
• Will be given in degrees and hemisphere like a graph
• EX: 23*N, 165*W
Types of
Maps
Political Map
• Political maps show boarders &how people have
divided places on the Earth into countries, states,
cities and other units for the purpose of governing
them.
Physical Map
• Physical maps show what the surface of the
Earth looks like. You can see physical features
Thematic Maps
• Thematic maps show a specific information laid
on top of a map.
• The Key shows us what information is being
presented so you can read the map.
KEY
Map of World Religions
KEY
Map Review
• What is the purpose of a Political map?
• What is the purpose of a Physical map?
• What is the most important part of an
Thematic map?