Transcript Europe

Chapter 14-20
I. Western Europe

 Iceland
 Norway
 Sweden
 Finland
 Ireland
 United Kingdom
 Denmark
 Netherlands
 Belgium
 Germany
 Luxembourg
 France
 Switzerland
 Austria
 Italy
 Spain
 Portugal
 Greece
I. Western Europe History
 adopt the practices of
 A. Cultural diffusion – peoples
their neighbors
 B. Most of Western Europe was occupied by 35,000 B.C.
 C. This area was once controlled by both the Greek and
the Roman empires
 D. Since then, Western Europe has gone through many
different time periods
 1. Renaissance – “rebirth” – when westerners began to
rediscover the knowledge of the ancient Greeks & Romans
 2. Industrial Revolution – “growing use of machines” –
spread during the 1800s with machine power, factories, etc.
 E. After 1900, conflicts among the powerful nations
in Western Europe caused many wars.
 1. World War I: 1914 – 1918
 2. World War II: 1939 – 1945 (during which German
Nazis killed 6 million Jews & millions more)
 3. Cold War: approximately 1947 – 1991 (tense rivalry
especially between the USA and Russia)

Renaissance
Architecture
Industrial
Revolution Factory
I. Western Europe Characteristics

 A. Stretches from Scandinavian Peninsula (north) to the
Iberian Peninsula (south)
 B. Nearly every European nation has a coastline, which
causes erosion
 C. North European Plain has many rivers that have long
been beneficial for traveling and trading
 D. The Alps, one of the largest mountain chains in the
world, runs through Italy, Austria, Switzerland, Germany,
and France (highest peaks are snow-covered all year)
Rhine (Ryn) River that flows
through 5 European countries

Sea Stacks in
Orkney Islands
A village in the
Alps
I. Western Europe –
Climates
toward Europe and
 A. Tropical waters are carried
prevailing westerlies (winds that blow across the warm
currents) flow in the temperate zones
 B. Mediterranean Climate – warm summers & cool winters
 C. Subarctic Climate – mountains along the Scandinavian
Peninsula block the winds from the Atlantic creating a very
dry, cold, subarctic climate
I. Western Europe Culture
for its architecture, art,
 A. Western Europe is known
fashion, and religious institutions
 B. Many people migrated to this area for employment
opportunities
 C. In the 1950s, 6 Western European nations formed a
“common market” for their economic benefit
 1. as it expanded, it became known as the European Union
(EU)
 2. in 1999, they introduced a single currency – the Euro – that
is now used by all member nations
Art
Architecture

Fashion
II. Central Europe &
Northern Eurasia











Estonia
Latvia
Lithuania
Poland
Belarus
Czech Republic
Slovakia
Ukraine
Albania
Macedonia
 Moldova
 Romania
 Hungary
 Slovenia
 Croatia
 Bosnia & Herzegovina
 Serbia & Montenegro
 Bulgaria
 Russia
II. Central Europe &
Northern Eurasia - History

 A. After the Huns and Avars invaded the area known
today as Russia, the Slavs moved into Eastern Europe
 B. When the Roman Catholic & Eastern Orthodox churches
separated in 1054, Eastern European countries became
divided between the two religions
 C. Throughout time, many different empires conquered
areas in Eastern Europe
 1. Turkish Ottoman Empire conquered southeastern Europe
(1500)
 2. Austrian Hapsburg emperors gained control of Hungary,
Czech lands, and Slovakia by 1526
 3. Princes of Moscow became the leaders in Russia by the
1500s and controlled the largest land area in the world
 D. Late 1800s – Romania, Serbia, and Bulgaria declared
independence from Ottomans
 E. After WWI – Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Hungary
gained independence
 F. Russian Revolution of 1917 led to the creation of the
Soviet Union (adopted communism – system where the
government controlled almost all aspects of political and
economic life)
 G. After WWII – Soviet Union gained control over most
Eastern European countries…kept control until 1989
 H. Soviet Union dissolved in 1991 – breaking up into
Russia and a number of other smaller nations

II. Central Europe & Northern
Eurasia - Characteristics

 A. This area includes many mountain ranges, plains, and
numerous water sources
 B. Danube River – second-longest river in Europe; starts in
Germany and empties into the Black Sea in Bulgaria
 C. Lake Baikal – Siberia (Russia); world’s deepest lake &
largest freshwater lake, holding 20% of world’s fresh water
 D. Most of the land in Central Europe & Northern Eurasia
is covered in plains
II. Central Europe &
Northern Eurasia - Climate
climate regions in this area
 A. There are several different
of the world…it ranges from Mediterranean climate to
semi-arid climate to subarctic climate
 B. Neva River runs through St. Petersburg, Russia – since
it is in the subarctic region, it freezes over in the winter
and allows its residents to ice fish
 C. The Black Sea provides warm and humid regions
which allows the area to have beach resorts
II. Central Europe &
Northern Eurasia - Culture

 A. Since the landscape in this area is generally easy to
navigate, migration has made most of the region
multiethnic – containing many ethnic groups
 B. The majority of the people in this area practice the
Eastern Orthodox religion – a form of Christianity
 C. Since there are many ethnic groups (people who share
things like culture, language, and religion), there are many
different types of music, dance, food, and dress
 D. Since the 1980s, many countries in this region have
moved from communist lifestyles to democratic thinking
Eastern Orthodox

Polish Food
Estonian Folk Dance