Transcript Map Quiz – Asia (Feb 20)

Where Did Industry Originate & Where is it distributed today?
11.1 & 11.2
What is Industry?
Manufacturing of goods in a factory
 Much more highly clustered than agriculture
 Began in UK in late 1700s (Industrial
Revolution)
 Crash Course - Industrial Revolution

Industrial Revolution

Root = Technology
 inventions – industrial, social, political &
economic (misleading term?)

Shortage of labour in Europe
 need for mechanization
Expansion in productivity = higher quality of
living
 industrialization led to urbanization – laid off
farm workers migrated to cities for the new
jobs in the factories

United Kingdom
England not only made the products but
also the machines that made the
products - allowed them to become
richer as they sold both!
 During 19th century UK produced more
than the rest of the world combined

 Lost this advantage during early 20th century
to Germany & Japan (Post-war aid from
USA helped build new factories)
Path of Diffusion
increased economic disparities
 Northern UK (1750) → Europe & N.A.
(19th century) → Rest of world (20th
century)

Prior to the I.R.

Industry was geographically dispersed
 Home based industry (cottage industry)
 Textile manufacturing
Steam Engine
Most important
invention to factory
development
 1769, James Watt
(Scotland)

Diffusion of the I.R. – Iron Industry

1st industry to benefit from steam engine
 Way to keep ovens for heating iron constantly
heated
Need for bulky, heavy coal = iron industry
changed from dispersed → clustered
 Birth of engineering
 Transportation

Diffusion from the UK
To Europe
 Political instability delayed diffusion in
Europe
 French Revolution/Napoleonic Wars
 Railway especially affected

Italy, Netherlands, Russia, Sweden in late
1800s but didn’t match France/Germany until
20th century
Diffusion of Railways
The construction of railroads in the United Kingdom and on the European continent
reflects the diffusion of the Industrial Revolution
To USA
Arrived later than in
Western Europe but
grew much faster
 USA predominantly
agricultural society,
got manufactured
goods from Britain
 Textile industry grew
as US imposed
embargo on
European trade to
avoid Napoleonic
wars

Manufacturing Regions
Fig. 11-3: The world’s major manufacturing regions are found in North America, Europe,
and East Asia. Other manufacturing centers are also found elsewhere.
Industrial Regions
 Industry is concentrated in three regions
○ Europe
○ North America
○ East Asia
 Each regions accounts for roughly ¼ of the
world’s total industrial output.
○ Brazil and India account for most of industrial
output outside of the aforementioned regions.

Less than 1% the earth’s land is devoted to
industry (25% to agriculture)
North America
Concentrated in NE of US & SE Canada
 5% of land area of these countries, yet 1/3 of
the population & 2/3 of manufacturing output
 Historical & Environment factors

 Settlement, raw materials (coal/iron), the Great
Lakes

Manufacturing belt