Transcript Re-Powering Blade Sweep

Presentation to the Alameda County EBZA Regarding
Wind Turbine Repowering Project PLN2015-00198
Increasing Blade Area in Avian Habitat
Golden Eagles and Other Avian Mortality
Darryl Mueller
March 24, 2016
Repowering was supposed to
“Replace With Same Blade Sweep”
Diablo Winds - Vasco Winds - Buena Vista did
that!
New Re-Powering Increased the Killer
Blades Patterson Pass, Golden Hills,
Golden Hills North,
Altamont Winds, & Sand Hill!
Meg Watts decrease Sand Hill
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
old
new
All Repowering Meg Watts 13%
increase
440
430
420
410
400
Old
390
New
380
370
360
350
MegWatt
Sand Hill is a 41% increased in blade
sweep
4500000
4000000
3500000
3000000
2500000
2000000
1500000
1000000
500000
0
old blade sweep
new blade sweep
Total APWRA Re-Powering adds 97 Extra
Industrial Wind Turbines = 76% expansion
18000000
16000000
14000000
12000000
10000000
Old Blade Area sq.ft.
8000000
New Blade Area sq.ft.
6000000
4000000
2000000
0
Total of 8 Re-Powering at APWRA
Favourable population/species
Conservation Status FCS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
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1.The population does not continuously decrease.
2. There exist sufficient area of habitats necessary to maintain stable
population.
3. The range (breeding and non – breeding) does not decrease continuously.
Mortality caused by collisions and loss of habitats are key in terms of likely
adverse effects on birds populations.
Monitoring (after-construction monitoring) Monitoring shall include a 1 – year
cycle replicating the pre – investment monitoring and shall be repeated three
times during the 5 - year period after the wind farm is commissioned.
Implementation of measures mitigating the observed effects (species –
oriented mitigating measures, for instance: modifications to turbines’night
lighting system, change in structure of land use, temporary shutdown of wind
turbines.
Poliish Government Guidelines for assessment of wind farms impact on birds March 2008
http://www.darrylmueller.com/poland.pdf
3 dimensional aspects or volume in cubic feet of air space occupied up
by a turbine blade would contribute to blade strike mortality.
•
•
•
Old blades were 18 in.+-, new blades can be 5+ times thinker this adds collision!
This fact multiplies strike opportunities for raptor strike of the 3 dimensional
blade. Please watch the video, next slide
.
The Slow Blade Illusion kills!
50% Mortality Reduction Goal?
• Sand Hill has increased the blade sweep, (killing
potential) by 41%. Increased tip speed to 191
mph and cannot reduce mortality 50%
• APWRA Repowering Blade Sweep 76% Expansion
• Look at completed projects Shiloh as what we
can expect 12% annual mortality Golden Eagles.
• Less Avian through attrition does not reduce
mortality
Attrition of 57.9 percent arising from this
singlemortality agent, turbine blades
• Unlike juveniles, radio-tagged subadults and floaters are highly vulnerable
to turbine blades.
• We recorded 31 blade-strike fatalities (20.0 percent) within our sample of
155 subadults withworking radios and 8 such fatalities (14.8 percent)
among 54 floaters. We attribute this susceptibility both to their frequent
occurrence in the WRA and their greater tendency, compared with
juveniles, to hunt live prey.
• We tagged 25 fledgling eagles in 1994, and a year later, six of these had
died or disappeared (emigration plus radio-failure), leaving 19 in the study
area as first-year subadults. From January 1995 to November 1999,
turbine blades killed 11 of these eagles (including censored ones), an
attrition rate of at least 57.9 percent arising from this singlemortality
agent.
• Golden Eagles In A Perilous Landscape: Predicting The Effects Of
Mitigation For Wind Turbine Blade-Strike Mortality. 2002
•
http://www.energy.ca.gov/reports/2002-11-04_500-02-043F.PDF
Turbine Eagle Fatalities at 42%
• Another reason to think that locally produced eagles are at greatest
risk is that more than 80% of those that PBRG tagged as freeranging non-breeders showed evidence of residency in the Diablo
Mountains a finding consistent with other studies reporting the
tendency of golden eagles to gravitate to natal regions (see Kochert
et al. 2002 for review).
• At least 68% of 100 fatalities recorded among 257 radio-tagged
eagles during 1994–2000 were humanrelated; turbine blade-strikes
accounted for 42% and electrocution for 12%. An additional 21% of
fatalities of unknown cause likely included some human-related
events, e.g., lead and other poisonings.
• The Trend Of Golden Eagle Territory Occupancy In The Vicinity Of
The Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area: 2005
•
http://www.energy.ca.gov/2006publications/CEC-500-2006-056/CEC-500-2006-056.PDF
Comparison of Search Area in Relation to Early
Searches
Projected Search Area
400
150.87
17
50
KEN 56/100
150.87
50
GOLDWIND 3MW
CEC EIR SEARCH
AREA
Blade Tip
GOLDWIND 3 MW
REQUIRED SEARCH
AREA
Search Area
Alameda County Follow Through
– The East County Board of Zoning Adjustments unanimously approved a
conditional use permit for Ogin Inc. to build the first phase of 40
shrouded turbines in the Altamont Wind Resource Area east of
Livermore.
– Groundbreaking’ Altamont wind turbine project moves forward
–
•
“From a study point of view, it’s perfect,” said independent researcher Shawn Smallwood, who
has been counting fatalities for Ogin since 2012. “That corridor is the worst in the Altamont for
killing birds.” 2014
Decision delayed on ‘bird friendly’ wind turbine experiment for Altamont Pass
–
The three-member East County Board of Zoning Adjustments on Thursday delayed voting on
permits for the 40-turbine Sand Hill Wind project, citing concerns over “limitations” in the
project’s bird mortality study, the scenic impact of the turbines and the precedent the project
could set for the technological future of the Altamont Wind Resource Area. 2014
•
“I think we need an experiment, but why does the rest of Alameda County
have to see it?” said board member Jim Goff. “We’ve got so much rural area, I
don’t know why we have to go through a scenic corridor.”
•
All that was delivered is the phrase, “Bird Friendly Turbines” that were never
delivered and the public thinks the new turbines open blades are “Bird
Friendly” that’s called bate & switch.
Repowering with more efficient and bird
friendly turbines
• it appears that there is a greater risk of fatal
collisions with taller turbines. This is a real
problem, as larger wind turbines may provide
more efficient energy generation.
Consequently, it is expected that new wind
farms will contain even bigger turbines, which
will result in even more bird deaths..
– (Reference: Scott R. Loss, Tom Will, & Peter P. Mara
(2013). Estimates of bird collision mortality at wind
facilities in the contiguous United States Biological
Conservation, 168, 201-209 DOI:
10.1016/j.biocon.2013.10.007)
Searches
• The CEC Guidelines (California Energy Commission and
California Department of Fish and Game 2007)
recommend that the width of the search area should
equal the maximum rotor tip height (i.e., the height of
the blade tip when positioned at 12 o’clock), to be
specified in the project-specific monitoring plan. Poor
not enough.
• ERI completely left out 80% search area, to find this
you must find 100%. Only after you establish the 100%
can search area diameter be found.
• Then Searches must be every 48 hr., see 48 hr. search
study. 80% carcass scavenged after 5 days.
Natural factors resulting in low mortality counts.
• When we began this study we were completely
unaware of the extent to which the yearly sum of WRA
fatalities contributes to the overall death rate of the
golden eagle population residing in the region.
• Because of the difficulty of finding dead eagles visually,
the large area involved, and the likelihood that
carcasses are often scavenged before they are found, a
relatively large proportion of total fatalities (from all
causes) are never found.
• Pilot Golden Eagle Population Study in The Altamont Pass Wind Resource
Area California May 1995 http://www.nrel.gov/wind/pdfs/7821.pdf
USFWS Comment 7/24/14 Large Industrial Wind Turbines Killing
Exceeding 5% annual. Current Mortality is 12%
Based On The Statement from the Department of Justice the wind industry owes
Americans billions in fines and is subject to thousands of years of probation for their
unpermitted slaughter to protected bird species. Friday November 22, 2014
•
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"More than 1,000 species of birds, including bald and golden eagles, are protected
under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA). The MBTA, enacted in 1918,
implements this country’s commitments under avian protection treaties with
Great Britain (for Canada), Mexico, Japan and Russia. The MBTA provides a
misdemeanor criminal sanction for the unpermitted taking of a listed species by
any means and in any manner, regardless of fault. The maximum penalty for an
unpermitted corporate taking under the MBTA is $15,000 or twice the gross gain
or loss resulting from the offense, and five years’ probation."
Alameda County & The State of California, & EBRP, LARPD might be considered
an accomplice in the fine for knowing that unpermitted killing with the operating
permit and having no over sight or complacent in the operation, and receiving
revenue from from it.
http://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/utility-company-sentenced-wyoming-killingprotected-birds-wind-projects
•
AGREEMENT TO REPOWER TURBINES AT THE ALTAMONT PASS WIND RESOURCES AREA, #6 12/3/10
•
http://www.darrylmueller.com/Audubon_agreemet.pdf
USFWS has an Industry to distribute dead eagle parts. Updates ceased, because the
industry is hiding facts on the high mortality from the public? Reduced mortality
through attrition, as there are less mortality to self report and count.
Wildlife belongs to everyone not just windmill operators. Last update 10/22/14
National Eagle Repository | Statistics
http://www.fws.gov/eaglerepository/statistics.php
National Eagle Repository -Statistics
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The section below contains the most recent National Eagle Repository Annual Report. We will update this area as new reports become
available.
USFWS Regional Map, notice that region 8 Calif.& Nev. 125 and region 2 Texas
& Oklahoma 65. This could only reflect under reporting, and attrition.
Fish and Wildlife Service
http://www.fws.gov/where/
Click on the map (or the text links, below) for the home page of the eight different US Fish and Wildlife Service regions:
Pacific Region (Region 1)
The Pacific Region includes Idaho, Oregon, Washington, Hawaii and the Pacific Islands.
Southwest Region (Region 2)
The Southwest Region includes Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma and Texas.
Great Lakes-Big Rivers Region (Region 3)
The Great Lakes-Big Rivers Region includes Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Missouri, Minnesota, Ohio and Wisconsin.
Southeast Region (Region 4)
The Southeast Region includes Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Puerto Rico/Virgin Islands, South Carolina and Tennessee.
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The Northeast Region includes Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Virginia and West Virginia.
Mountain-Prairie Region (Region 6)
The Mountain-Prairie Region includes Colorado, Kansas, Montana, North Dakota, Nebraska, South Dakota, Utah and Wyoming.
Alaska Region (Region 7)
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The Pacific Southwest consists of most of these two states, plus the Klamath Basin area of Oregon.
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Questions? Please try our Search Engine and check out the answers to the FAQ's (Frequently Asked Questions), before you contact us.
29 Eagles were killed in 1988
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And 33 Eagles are Killed in 2013
And 37 Eagles are Killed in 2014
Do the Math! On the Low Side
26 years X 29 = 754 Dead Eagles
$15,000 X 754 = $11,310,000 and that is
only MBTA, BEA has $200,000 &
$500,000 along with Prison Time.
Blade Sweep 1-14-16
Country of Origion
USA US Windpower
USA
USA
Denmark
Neitherlands
Neitherlands
Neitherlands
Neitherlands
USA Kenetech
Danmark
Japan
India, Magarpatta
China, Bejing
German, Hamburg
German, Hamburg
Denmark
Model of windmill
Wind Turbine Model
Conversion
Conversion
Diameter Meter Hight Diameter Feet
ft.
Kenetec 56/100 kw
17.00
88.00
55.70
Flowwind 56/150 kw
17.07
56.00
Flowwind 56/250 kw
18.90
62.00
Nordtank 65kw
15.84
52.00
Windmaster 75kw
21.95
72.00
Windmaster 200 kw
21.95
72.00
Windmaster 250 kw
23.16
76.00
Windmaster 300 kw
24.99
82.00
KVS-33
33.20
429.78
108.92
Vestas V47 660 kw
47.00
241.14
154.20
Mitsubishi 1000A
61.40
278.00
201.44
Suzlon S97 2.1 MW
97.00
454.00
318.24
Goldwind GW 121 3MW
121.00
495.00
396.98
Siemans 2.3 MW
101.00
427.50
331.36
Siemans SWT-2.3MW
120.00
499.00
393.70
Vesta V90-3MW
90.00
410.00
295.00
d*d*.78540*
Area
blade area feet
2436.70
2463.01
3019.08
2123.72
4071.51
4071.51
4536.47
5281.03
9318.27
18674.76
31870.02
79542.72
123773.64
86236.49
121736.76
68349.44
new sweep / old sweep
Project Name
Golden Hill North 56/100
Golden Hill North S97 2.1
CPU #
PLN 2015-00157
PLN 2015-00157
# to replace
324.00
24.00
MW
32.40
50.40
area of sweep
789489.39
1909025.24
Area Swap
9.93
AWI 56/100
AWI S97 2.1
PLN 2014-00056
PLN 2014-00056
569.00
33.00
56.90
69.30
1386479.82
2624909.70
17.43
Sand Hills
Sand Hills Goldwind 121
PLN 2015-00198
PLN 2015-00198
433.00
12.00
43.30
36.00
1055089.21
1485283.64
8.52
Golden Hills S 56/100
Golden Hills S97 2.1
PLN2014-00032
PLN2014-00032
775.00
52.00
77.50
109.20
1888439.13
4136221.35
23.74
Patterson Pass Nordtank
Patterson Pass S97 2.1
PLN2012-00214
PLN2012-00214
336.00
12.00
21.84
25.20
713570.46
954512.62
8.97
Buena Vista Windmaster 75kw
Buena Vista Windmaster 200 kw
Buena Vista Windmaster 250 kw
Buena Vista Windmaster 300 kw
total
Mitsubishi 1000A
5.00
129.00
30.00
15.00
179.00
38.00
0.38
25.80
7.50
4.50
38.18
38.00
20357.57
525225.25
136094.11
79215.44
760892.38
1211060.72
Diallo Winds Flowind 56/150
Diallo Winds Flowind 56/250
total
Vestas V47 660 kw
148.00
21.00
169.00
31.00
22.20
5.25
27.45
20.46
364526.13
63400.63
427926.76
578917.45
Vasco Winds 56/100
Vasco Winds 33.2/400
Siemans 2.3
726.00
20.00
746.00
34.00
72.60
8.00
80.60
78.20
1769041.04
186365.45
1955406.49
2932040.58
Total Old Windmills
New Industrial Wind Turbines
3531.00
236.00
378.17
426.76
8977293.64
15831971.31
Area
blade area meter
226.98
228.82
280.48
197.06
378.26
378.26
421.45
490.63
865.70
1734.95
2960.93
7389.83
11499.04
8011.87
11309.76
6361.74
rounded
Same Sweep
10.00
Blade Area
compare to
56/100
1.00
1.01
1.24
0.87
1.67
1.67
1.86
2.17
3.82
7.66
13.08
32.64
50.80
35.39
49.83
27.80
Blade area
0.56
Rounded
1 to 1
1 to 1
1.25 to 1
1 to 1
1.50 to 1
1.50 to 1
1.75 to 1
2 to 1
4 to 1
7.5 to 1
13 to 1
32 to 1
50 to 1
35 to 1
50 to 1
28 to 1
Tip speed=d*3.14*
rpm*60/5280
Tip MPH
143.10
72.00
111.93
156.81
204.85
185.09
191.23
189.18
175.60
169.47
28.80
28.50
19.50
16.30
13.50
16.00
12.50
16.10
Area increase
Same as 56/100
1119535.85
783.45
per kw
2.27
3.52
1238429.88
1077.24
2.27
3.52
430194.43
609.55
2.27
3.83
2247782.23
1697.47
2.27
3.52
240942.16
Nordtank
449.45
3.27
3.52
4250.80
450168.34
like 284 windmaste
is same as 284.9
4250.80
284.90
1.89
2.96
2.04
3.19
2532.11
150990.69
replacement sweep
like 229 flowind
3019.08
228.63
1.53
2.63
1.64
2.83
2.27
2.16
3.30
3.48
2.44
2.33
3.55
3.75
RPM
search
meter
search
feet dia.
50.00
50.00
50.00
50.00
50.00
50.00
50.00
50.00
50.00
75.00
75.00
?
?
?
?
164.04
164.04
164.04
164.04
164.04
164.04
164.04
164.04
164.04
246.06
246.06
?
?
X increase MW increase
/per kw effectiveness Blade Kill?
2.44
3.79
142%
18.00
1119535.85
2.44
3.79
89%
12.40
1238429.88
2.44
4.13
41%
-7.30
430194.43
2.44
3.79
119%
31.70
2247782.23
3.27
3.79
34%
3.36
240942.16
Blade sweep meter / Blade Sweep Ft. Decrease
17.00
9.00
23.00
10.00
Replacement sweep
23.87
24.00
22.91
23.00
22.67
23.00
976634.10
139.00
6854677.68
59%
450168.34
-0.17
35%
150990.69
-6.99
50%
976634.10
-2.40
76%
48.60
138.06