Transcript Slide 1 - Bishop Lynch High School

>
CHAPTER 21
NORTH AFRICA
NATURAL ENVIRONMENTS
CHAPTER 21 – SECTION 1
QUESTIONS

What landform regions are found in North Africa?

What factors influence the regions climates?

What natural resources does the region have?
COUNTRIES

North Africa includes the countries of





____________
____________
____________
____________
_____________
LANDFORMS

__________________________________________




It is bordered by the Mediterranean on the North.
Coastal plains are main landform along Mediterranean and
Atlantic.
Atlas Mountains begin at coastal plains from Morocco to
Tunisia.
The Sahara, world’s largest desert, runs south of the Atlas
Mountains and coastal plains and extends across all of North
Africa.
<>
LANDFORMS

__________________________________________
__________________________________________


It is 3.5 million square miles – about the size of the U.S. – of
rock and sand.
Below eroded rocky ridges are basins.


Basins that are covered with high, shifting seas of sand called ergs.
Gravel-covered plains where the winds have blown the sand and dust
away are called regs.
LANDFORMS

__________________________________________


Qattara Depression is a wilderness of quicksand and salt marshes.
Other depressions have large dry lakebeds where rainwater collects
and carves out wadis – dry streambeds that only fill with water after
rain falls.
CLIMATES


North Africa’s Mediterranean climate areas are found along
the coast.
_____ climate covers most of North Africa.


A rain shadow from the Atlas Mountains contributes to this arid
climate.
The harmattan – a hot dry wind – sweeps southward across the
Sahara.

Saharan ergs can cause violent sandstorms that block out sunlight for
days.
PLANTS AND ANIMALS




Vegetation in the Sahara is limited to __________ and
__________ ___________ .
Plants and animals are concentrated around oases.
Morocco has a great diversity of plants and animals in part due
to its close proximity to Europe.
Egypt has abundant bird life.
NATURAL RESOURCES

_____ and __________ _____ are North Africa’s most
valuable __________ __________ .




Oil found in all North African countries, with Libya having the
greatest reserves
Iron ore, lead, phosphates, and zinc are also found.
Fishing off the coast of Morocco, mostly sardines.
Farming is possible in good soil with irrigation.
HISTORY AND CULTURE
CHAPTER 21 – SECTION 2
QUESTIONS

What peoples have settled in and ruled North Africa?

What are the people and culture of the region like today?
HISTORY


The first people in North Africa were _______________ .
When most of North Africa had become desert, the
population moved to the coast, desert oases, wadis and the
Nile River.
EARLY PEOPLES

Beginning about __________ , the __________ began
their kingdom along the __________ __________ .



Their monarchs were called pharaohs – god kings.
Their writing system was called hieroglyphs.
Foreigners began to control much of North Africa as
Egyptian power weakened.


Phoenicians, Greeks and Romans.
German Vandals and the Byzantines.
THE ARABS AND ISLAM

In the 600s, Arab Muslim armies took over most of the
territories of the Byzantines.


By the 700s, they had conquered Morocco and crossed into the
Iberian Peninsula of Europe (Spain and Portugal).
Under _______ rule, _______ and other _______ cities
became centers of ___________ culture and education.


Cities like Marrakech became centers of trading.
The Ottomans later took control of North Africa.
COLONIALISM

The __________ __________ ruled much of
________ ________ until the late _______ .




France took control of Tunisia, Algeria, and part of Morocco.
Spain took Northern Morocco.
Great Britain took over Egypt.
Berlin Conference of 1884 - 1885.
INDEPENDENCE


Egypt gained independence in 1922.
Most other __________ __________ countries gained
their __________ after __________.


France fought a war try and keep Algeria.
Mu’ammar Gadhafi overthrew the monarchy in Libya in 1969
and declared a socialist republic.
CULTURE

Nearly all people of __________ __________ are
__________ or _______________ .


Berbers are a cultural group that lived in North Africa before
Arab armies invaded North Africa.
Arabic is the official language in North Africa though all speak
their own dialect.
CULTURE

Most North Africans live along the Mediterranean coast or in
the foothills of the Atlas Mountains.

In Egypt, ___ % of the population live in the _______ _______
_______ and __________ .

Cairo, in the Nile Delta, is the largest urban area in North Africa, 18 million
people in the metropolitan area.
RELIGION

Most North Africans are Muslim with very small Jewish
and Christian minorities.

________ plays a major role in North African life.
TRADITIONS AND CUSTOMS

Most North Africans wear ________ ________ ______ .



Ideal for hot climates.
Many women dress according to Muslim tradition.
Greet each other by shaking hands and touching their hand to
their heart.
THE REGION TODAY
CHAPTER 21 – SECTION 3
QUESTIONS

What are economies and cities of North Africa like?

What challenges do the people there face?
ECONOMIC AND URBAN
ENVIRONMENTS

Issues are typical of developing countries.





Controlling government spending.
Keeping inflation down.
Reducing restrictions on business and foreign trade.
Civil unrest.
Morocco has declared Tangier a free port – no taxes on goods
unloaded there from other places

Other North African
countries are trying
to strengthen trading
ties with European
nations.
ECONOMIC ACTIVITES

_____ and __________ _____ are the back bone of the
____________ and _____________ economies.


Agriculture is an important part of the economy.




Oil is a significant part of the Egyptian and Tunisian economies.
Fellahin, Egyptian peasant farmers, make up 40% of work force.
Libya imports 75% of its food.
Tourism is an important economic activity.
Unemployment is still high.
URBAN ENVIRONMENTS

Largest cities



________ , ________ , ________, ________ and ________ .
Mix of modern and traditional buildings.
Becoming more and more crowded with slums.
ISSUES AND CHALLENGES

_______________
 Islamic governments.
 Libya and Mu’ammar Gadhafi.

______________




Desertification.
Pollution from refining oil.
Polluted water supplies.
Construction of the the Aswan High Dam.