Transcript overview of the field of public health

February 12, 2016
Data Friday
Overview of Public Health
HMACommunityStrategies.com
“It is logical to expect that there is strength in numbers and
that partnerships can mobilize material and human resources
and be more effective at achieving desired goals than
individuals working alone.”
– Karen Glanz, Health Behavior and Health Education, 2002
Learning Objective
At the end of this session, you will be able to

Describe the roles and responsibilities of public health

Describe the 3 core functions and 10 essential services of
public health

Describe the role of law and government in Public Health
Health is…
…a dynamic state of complete
physical, mental, spiritual, and
social well-being and not merely
the absence of disease or
infirmity.*
and…
Source: *WHO, 1998; **IOM, 1988
Public health is “What we as a
society do collectively to assure
the conditions in which people
can be healthy.”**
Vision:
Healthy People in Healthy Communities
Mission:


Promote Physical and Mental Health
Prevent Disease, Injury, and Disability
What does
medicine do?
Saves lives one at a time
What does
public health do?
Saves lives millions at a time
Learning Objective
At the end of this session, you will be able to

Describe the roles and responsibilities of public health

Describe the 3 core functions and 10 essential services of
public health

Describe the role of law and government in Public Health
The Essential Public Health Services
Identifying and sharing best
practices; participation in research
Strategic planning;
community health
improvement planning
Community health
assessment; registries
Partnerships with private
sector, civic groups, NGOs,
faith community, etc.
Essential Public Health Services
•
•
Developed by the Core Public Health
Functions Steering Committee (1994)
ODPHP
–
Department of Health and Human Services
•
•
Independent websites
–
–
–
•
Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health
Health.gov
Healthypeople.gov
Healthfinder.gov
PURPOSE: to provide a description and
definition of Public Health
Learning Objective
At the end of this session, you will be able to

Describe the roles and responsibilities of public health

Describe the 3 core functions and 10 essential services of
public health

Describe the role of law and government in Public Health
Governmental Public Health
State and Local Health Departments
Retain the primary responsibility for health under the US Constitution
State and the
District of
Columbia
Health
Departments
Tribal Health
Departments
Local Health
Departments
* Number based on 2010 National Profile of Local Health Departments (NACCHO, 2011)
** Numbers cited from ASTHO, Profile of State Public Health, Volume Two, 2011
Territorial
Health
Departments
Federal Public Health
Federal Public Health Responsibilities

Ensure all levels of government have the capabilities to provide
essential public health services

Act when health threats may span more than one state, a
region, or the entire nation
Act where the solutions may be beyond the jurisdiction of
individual states
Act to assist the states when they lack the expertise or
resources to effectively respond in a public health emergency
(e.g., a disaster, bioterrorism, or an emerging disease)
Facilitate the formulation of public health goals (in
collaboration with state and local governments and other
relevant stakeholders)



Source: Trust for America’s Health. Public Health Leadership Initiative: An Action Plan for Healthy People in Healthy Communities in the
21st Century. Washington, DC. 2006.
Public Health System
Civic
Groups
Neighborhood
Organizations
Schools
EMS
CHCs
Nonprofit
Organizations
Community
Centers
Home Health
Hospitals
Doctors
Nursing
Homes
Drug
Treatment
Public
Health
Agency
Laboratories
Mental Health
Faith Institutions
Law
Enforcement
Fire
Tribal Health
Employers
Corrections
Transit
Elected Officials
Source: Public Health Practice Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , National Public Health Performance
Standards Program, User Guide (first edition), 2002. (Current version available at www.cdc.gov/nphpsp)
Conclusion
At the end of this session, you are now be able to

Describe the roles and responsibilities of public health

Describe the 3 core functions and 10 essential services of
public health

Describe the role of law and government in Public Health
February 12, 2016
Data Friday
Using Public Health Data to Support Community Goals
HMACommunityStrategies.com
HMA
Advocate Bethany Community Health Fund
2007-2014
Community Area
Zip Code
Austin
60644
East Garfield Park
60612
West Garfield Park
60624
Humboldt Park
60651
North Lawndale
60623
HMA
Established Bethany Fund
Priority Areas – including
Indicators, Current and
Desired Status
Priority Areas:
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

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


Diabetes
AIDS
Infant Health
Teen Birth
School Dropout
Violence Prevention
Workforce
Development
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PROGRESS TOWARDS PRIORITY AREA GOALS:
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Data at a Glance:
Maps provide a format for
displaying data
Diabetes Data
• Fund Communities
• All Chicago Communities
• Highest & Lowest Rates
• Fund Communities
• Benchmark Rate
• Statistically Higher than
Benchmark
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Surveying Data and Interpreting Results
APPROACH
• Used charts and
maps to highlight
public health data
ANALYSIS
• Overview of data
sources and
analysis tools
• Interpreted the
results to inform
and support
community goals
• Methods for
displaying data to
inform project
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Survey Data and Geomaps
Data Friday
Anissa Lambertino, PhD
HMACommunityStrategies.com
HMA
What is it?
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It’s a map.
Ojibwe ca. 1820 in Making Maps (Krygier and Wood, 2005)
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Why are maps created?
• Maps are used to:
–
–
–
–
Compare regions, counties, zip codes, tracts
Compare against other data, spatially
Model changes over time
Add value to graphs and charts
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Project Data Tools
Data Analytics
• Excel
• SAS
• Stata
Geographic Information
Systems (GIS)
• Esri ArcMap
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Data Sources
• What are the common public health data
that people request maps of most
frequently?
CDC WONDER
City of Chicago Data Portal
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Types of data
• Numbers
• Prevalence
• Rate
123
12.3%
123 in 1,000 persons
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Number vs. Rate
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Questions to consider
• How reliable is each measure on the map?
• Are there suppressed data due to small
numbers?
YOU ARE HERE
• Which rates are
high or low?
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• Confidence Intervals
• Data Suppression
• Comparison Measure
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Classification Scheme
• Best Practices and Recommendations for
Determining Color Schemes and Class
Breaks
– Recommended Color Schemes: Color Blind Safe
– Recommended Classification Scheme for Health
Outcome or Survey Data: Quartiles
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Map Color Schemes
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Survey Data and Geomaps
Conclusions
Map users should be able to:
– Visualize the geographic variation of
prevalence or rate
– Gauge the statistical reliability for each estimate
in the map
– Determine which geographies are statistically
“higher” or “lower” than a comparison
measure
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Advocate Bethany Community Health Fund
Conclusions
• Key Strategies to Determine Progress
• Visualizing Data to Tell the Story
• Leveraging Data to Support Community Goals
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