Transcript Presentation - Geospatial World Forum

The United Nations Economic Commission
for Europe
Virginia Cram-Martos
Director, Trade and Sustainable Land Management Division
Geospatial World Forum, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
15 May 2013
The United Nations
Economic Commission for
Europe
56 member States in Europe, Central Asia and North America
The United Nations Economic
Commission for Europe –
Eight thematic Subprogrammes
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Economic cooperation
Environment
Forestry
Housing and land
management
Statistics
Sustainable Energy
Trade
Transport
United Nations
Economic Commission for
Europe
Food and Agriculture Organizartion
of the United Nations
1947
ECE Committee on Forests and the Forest Industry
&
FAO European Forestry Commission
ECE-FAO Forestry and Timber Section, Geneva
4 Work Areas of the ECE-FAO
Geneva
1. Data
2. Analysis
3. Policy/Management Advice
4. Capacity Building
Data
• Pan-European and global reporting on forest
resources
• Joint Forest Sector Questionnaire
• Joint Wood Energy Enquiry
• Short-term forecasts for Europe and North
America
Analysis
• Reports on State of Europe’s Forests
• Global Forest Resource Assessments
• Sustainable Forest Management
• Forest Products Annual Market Reviews
• Outlook Studies
• Forests and Economic Development
• Ecosystem Services
World’s and region’s forests
Russian
Federation
20%
World - other
41%
Canada
8%
China
5%
Source: FAO FRA 2010
Brazil
13%
United States
of America
7%
UNECE
- other
6%
15 May 2013, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
19%
18%
Forests - Major Trends in the UNECE Region
160
140
120
100
80
60
[%]
1990
Area
2000
Growing stock
2005
Removals
15 May 2013, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Source : EEA 2006, SoEF 2011, TBFRA 2010
2010
Protected
Supply and Demand in 2030
15 May 2013, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Source: UNECE/FAO EFSOS II, 2011
Forestry and
Geospatial
Data
Forestry
and Geospatial
data
Forests in the ECE/FAO Region
1.6 BLN HA
Source: FAO FRA 2010
40% WORLD’S FORESTS
15 May 2013, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Consumption of wood per capita
NA – 1.6
CIS – 0.3
E – 1.0
15 May 2013, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Source: UNECE/FAO 2011
Remote sensing in international
forest reporting
Remote sensing has many and varied applications
Technological progress and the increased availability of
data sets allowing comparisons over time are increasing
the use of remote sensing technologies and information
Nonetheless
There are still problems that prevent full
realization of the potential
Remote sensing in international
forest reporting
WHAT IS MISSING?
• Comparability and interoperability across countries and
regions
• Links between topographical map data and contextual data
(land use, legal status, disaster impact, etc)
• Easy to use software – including for data uploading
• Applications tailored to end user needs
Remote sensing in international
forest reporting
WHY?
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National forest information systems are not harmonized
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The basic level of reporting is a country, which makes reference units
extremely differentiated (Monaco – Russia)
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Differences in scope, definitions and timing affect data comparability
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Missing data and process standards
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Sampling granularity differs widely and the less granular, the more likely
that samples extrapolated into national averages may distort the actual
situation (for example, in cases of disaster damage or landscape
phenomena)
Remote sensing in international
forest reporting
OTHER ISSUES
• Legal – national reporting is a prerogative of countries, international
data cannot officially replace national data
• Nomenclatural – internationally endorsed definitions of forests include
two basic criteria: (i) land use and (ii) land cover. Obtaining
information about land cover via remote sensing is feasible,
information on land use is not commonly available
• Incompleteness - only some information can be assessed via remote
sensing, some can still be generated only through land or records
based systems (ownership, employment, species mix, etc)
15 May 2013, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Remote sensing in international
forest reporting
OTHER ISSUES
• No one to one correspondences between many types of data – so
very different maps have to be overlaid, creating work/costs.
• Capacity – insufficient knowledge and capacity in countries and
organizations to analyze and utilize geo-referenced information
15 May 2013, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Remote sensing in international
forest reporting
OPPORTUNITIES
• Multi-national geospatial data sets from identical periods and
based on a common methodology could: i) create more
harmonized data; ii) support cross-border resource
management; and iii) help us better understand forest dynamics
• Geo-spatial data could provide increased numbers of samples
and measured variables which are more precisely georeferenced
• Linking forest-related data with data from other areas (e.g.
water, climate, other land uses) can create new uses, for
example in measuring ecosystem services
Remote sensing in international
forest reporting
EXISTING APPLICATIONS
• FAO Global Forest Resources Assessment
– Forest Area Monitoring with the use of Remote Sensing Survey
– Tree Canopy density Survey
– Forests in Climatic Zones
• European Forest Institute
– Forests in Europe by Forest Types (simplified classification:
conifers, broad-leaves and mixed)
• EU Joint Research Ispra
– Monitoring of Forest Fires
– Forest Connectivity and Fragmentation
Forests in climatic zones
Source: FAO FRA 2010
15 May 2013, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Forest connectivity – change 2000 – 2006
Source: EU JRC Ispra / SoEF 2011
15 May 2013, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
The Committee on Housing and
Land Management
• Inter-governmental dialogue
• The exchange of information
• Support for policy formulation and
implementation:
- In-depth assessments
- Policy guidance and recommendations
- Advisory services and capacity-building activities
UNECE Committee on Housing
and Land Management
STRUCTURE
Committee on Housing
and Land Management
WORK AREAS
• Land administration and
management
• Sustainable housing and real
estate markets
• Sustainable urban development
• Country Profiles
Current priorities of the
Working Party on Land
Administration (WPLA)
• Property registration and the
structure of cadastres and land
registries
• Informal settlements
• E-Government
The UNECE WPLA and
property registration
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Encourages registration, access to data, and data sharing
between countries.
“Survey on the Benchmarking of Land Registration Systems”,
2013/2014.
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System of Registration
Coverage
On-line availability and
electronic access
Status and security
Taxes and fees
Speed of registration
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Types of registration activities
Complexity and Automation
Cadastres
Efficiency of service
Gender equality
Administrative structure
The UNECE and geospatial data
– land management
Urban and used land
areas have expanded in
the last 50 years:
• agricultural land +13%
• pasture land +10%,
• total forest area -15%
World land cover, source: NASA
Property registration and
geospatial media
• WPLA publication “Land registration and
cadastre, one or two agencies”, 2015
Informal settlements in the
UNECE region
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Significant in 20 UNECE countries,
affecting over 50 million people
• Squatter settlements
• Settlements refugees and
vulnerable people
• Upgraded informal settlements
• Illegal suburban land divisions
• Dilapidated urban housing
Challenges from Informal
Settlements
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Economic: Keeps funds from the formal sector and
interferes with planning
Social: Can marginalize already disadvantaged
groups
Environmental: Complicates regulation and
compliance with standards
Informal settlements and
geospatial media
E-Government and changes
in Europe
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Lowers costs, brings faster service
Can make auditing and fact-checking
easier
Can present new challenges of fraud
and user verification
The UNECE and E-Government
in land registration
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The Challenges of Fraud to Land Administration
Institutions (2011)
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“Collaborating for secured ownership”, 29 to 31
May 2013, Uppsala, Sweden
E-Government and
geospatial media
Summary
The UNECE and geospatial data
THE BIG QUESTION
Standardized data and processes are needed
In order to achieve the international semantic interoperability
required for success
This will require close collaboration with a broad range of users,
everyone working together around the same table.
The tables are here, but where are the foresters, the farmers , the
energy companies, the urban planners , and
the government regulators ?
Without them the geospatial industry
will never reach its full potential
Thank you
Virginia Cram-Martos
Director, Trade and Sustainable
Land Management Division
[email protected]