Transcript population geography ch5

Chapter 5
Population, Migration,
Culture, Language, Religion
Vocabulary
Demography- the statistical study of
human population
Migration - A permanent move to a
new location
Immigration - Migration from a
location
Emigration - Migration to a location
Questions
Why do people migrate?
How have social, economic,
political, and environmental
factors influenced migration?
Push and Pull Factors
People decide to migrate because
of push and pull factors. A push
factor induces people to leave a
location. A pull factor induces
people to move to a new location.
Push Factor - Overpopulation
 People often leave areas that are
heavily populated.
Push Factor - Religious
Persecution
When people cannot worship as
they wish they migrate. The
pilgrims that landed at Plymouth
were fleeing religious persecution.
Push Factor - Lack of Jobs
The vast majority of people
migrating from Latin America,
Africa, and Asia are migrating
because there are no jobs.
Net migration rates: Countries in blue have a positive
migration rate and countries in blue have a negative.
Push Factor - Agricultural
Decline
Agricultural decline means a
person cannot grow as much food
on the same amount of land as
they once could. Over time land
becomes less fertile and people
have to move.
Push Factor - Conflict
People flee from wars. These
people are known as refugees.
There are many refugee camps in
Africa due to a long history of civil
war in many countries.
Push Factor - Political
Persecution
Political persecution means that
people are punished when they
disagree with the government.
This happens most in dictatorships
or communist countries. People
have migrated from China and
Cuba because of political
persecution.
Push Factor - Natural Hazards
Droughts
Floods
Tsunamis
Earthquakes
Volcanoes
Push Factor - Limits on
Freedom
Communist countries often limit
personal freedom. People cannot
listen to certain music, watch
certain television shows, or even
say things bad about the
government.
Push Factor - Environmental
Degradation
Deforestation
Desertification - An expansion of
arid conditions into non-arid
regions. This is a problem in the
Sahel, a region near the Sahara
Desert in North Africa.
Pull Factors
Religious Freedom
Economic Opportunity
Land Availability
Political Freedom
Ethnic and Family Ties
Arable Land
Impact of Immigration
Language
Religion and Religious Freedom
Customs/Traditions
Cultural Landscape
Cultural Geography
 Culture includes all the features of a people’s way
of life. It is learned and passed down from parents
to children through teaching, example, and
imitation.
 Important parts of culture include a group’s
language, religion, architecture, clothing,
economics, family life, food, and government.
 It also includes a people’s beliefs, institutions,
shared values, and technologies as well as its
members’ skills.
Culture Traits
 Activities and behaviors that people
often take part in
 Examples: different alphabets,
different ways of counting numbers,
different eating utensils
Culture Regions
 Culture region- an area in which
people have many shared culture traits
Ex: Japan, the South
 Ethnic groups- an ethnic group is a
human population that shares a
common culture or ancestry
Culture Change
 Acculturation- when an individual or
group adopts some of the traits of
another culture
 Innovation- new ideas that a culture
accepts
 Diffusion- an idea or innovation
spreads from one person or group to
another and is adopted
Globalization
 Globalization- the process in which connections
around the world increase and cultures become
more alike
Examples??
 Traditionalism- following longtime practices and
opposing many modern technologies and ideas
Examples??
 Fundamentalism- movement in which people
believe in strictly following certainly established
principles or teachings
Examples??