Transcript prof. karen goodlad fall 2012

Wines of North America
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PROF. KAREN GOODLAD
FALL 2012
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Introduction: Prohibition
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 Alcohol production and distribution was illegal in
the United States from 1920-1933
 Exception


home production and use
Prescriptions
 Affect on the wine industry
 Vineyards changed grape varieties and shipped to end user
 Wineries closed
 Not until the 1970’s did wine consumption reach pre-
prohibition levels

~1.5 gallons per capita
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Introduction: Prohibition
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Introduction: Prohibition
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Important Members of the CA Wine World
 Charles Krug
 Frank Schoonmaker
 Ernest and Julio Gallo
 Andre Tchelisticheff
 Warren Winiarski and Mike Grgich
 Robert Mondavi
Wine Production & Consumption
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 America is the worlds 4th largest wine Producing
Nation


1, Italy; 2, France; 3, Spain; 4, USA; 5, Argentina
Within the US: 1, California; 2, Washington ; 3, NY; 4, Oregon
 America is Ranked 56th in per capita World Wine
Consumption
 First in overall consumption
 90% of Wine in America is Consumed by 10% of the
Population
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Labeling/Naming Wines
 Proprietary Labels
 Trademarked/Copy Write
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Opus One, Dominus, Thunderbird

Winery Name

Stags Leap, Robert Mondavi Winery, Cakebread
 Varietals
 Chardonnay, Merlot…
 Generic Labels
 Meritage, Chablis, Burgundy…
 Other
 Estate Bottled, Reserve, Late Harvest, Botrytis
For More Info: US Government Guide & Professional Friends of Wine
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Wine Laws
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 Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB)
 Formerly known as the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and
Firearms (BATF)
 American Viticultural Area (AVA)
 Geographically defined growing area
 Petition BATF
 Describe what makes the region different



Soil, climate, microclimate, history, watertable, elevation…
1st AVA Augusta, Missouri, 1980
As of October 2010 197 AVAs recorded in 35 different states
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Wine Laws
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 Varietal Name
 Wine must be 75% from the named variety
 In Oregon it is 90% (Cabernet Sauvignon is 75%)
 Place Name
 State 75%



Exception: CA, WA, OR = 100%
County 75%
AVA 85% (Washington State 100%)
 Vintage
 95% from that harvest
 Health Warning
 Sulfite Warning
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California
 An Extensive Array of Wine for the World to Enjoy
 Ranges form jug wine to super premium
 85% of all vineyards and about 90% of all wine
produced in the USA is produced in CA
 2 of every 3 bottles of wine sold in the US are from
California
North Coast, ~15% of total CA Wine Production
 Notable AVAs
 Napa Valley, Sonoma Valley, Carneros, Oakville, Russian River
Valley plus many more
 Climate: Varies dramatically
 Coastal regions have influence of fog
 Very warm interiors/valleys
 Microclimates on mountains
 Soil: Varies
 Notable Grape Varieties
 Cabernet Sauvignon and Bordeaux Blends, Chardonnay,
Sauvignon Blanc, Rhone Varietals
Napa Valley
 High Quality, Limited Quantity 4-5% of total
production
 Valley Floor
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
Fog in AM and HOT in PM
Clay soils with alluvial deposits, fertile
 Mayacamas Mountains to West Vaca Hills to the
East
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Volcanic soils, drain well
 Cabernet Sauvignon Dominates
Carneros (Sub AVA of Napa Valley)
 South of Napa Valley
 Dense fog cools the climate significantly
 Flat terrain, varied soils
 Chardonnay and Pinot Noir
Sonoma Valley (A Rural Napa)
 Mayacamas Mountains to the East and Sonoma
Mountains on the West
 Wide variety of styles of wine produced
 Planted on valley floor and rolling hills
San Francisco Bay
 Notable AVAs
 Livermore
and Santa Cruz
 Climate
 Soil
 Grapes
 Note: Significant Urban Sprawl Has Limited
Vineyard Acreage
Central Coast
 Notable AVAs

Paso Robles, Santa Ynez Valley
 Climate: Varies


Coastal Influences
Can be cool and windy in the north and warm and arid in the
south
 Soil: Varies
 Grapes: Rhône Valley Varietals
Sierra FootHills
 No significant AVAs
 Climate
 Soil
 Grapes
 Note: Grapes first planted here during Gold Rush of
the 1850s.
Central Valley
 Notable AVAs: Lodi
 Climate
 Soil: Varies
 Grapes: 60% of total CA Production
 Zinfandel,
Sauvignon Blanc and Rhone Valley
Varietals

Bulk, non varietal significant grapes
New York State
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 3rd Largest Wine Producing State
 9 AVAs, 230 Wineries as of 10/10
 Climate
 Cool, Danger of Frost in Spring & Fall
 Moderating Effects of Large Bodies of Water Create Micro
Climates
 Dominant Grape Varieites
 80% Vitis Labrusca: 33%Concord, Catawba, Niagara
 ~15% Vitis Vinifera of mostly Bordeaux Varieties
 Low Yields
For More Info: Uncork New York
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NYS AVAs
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 Lake Erie AVA
 Niagara Escarpment AVA
 Finger Lakes AVA
 Cayuga Lake AVA
 Seneca Lake AVA
 Hudson River AVA
 North Fork, Long Island AVA
 Hamptons, Long Island AVA
 Long Island AVA
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Washington
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 Washington Wine Commission
100% from AVA, 100% variety on label
 No additives to change color, flavor, aroma
 Reserve: 3000 cases or 10% of total wine production
 No generic labeling
 11 AVAs
 Stimson Lane = ~2/3 of WA state production:
 Chateau St. Michelle (important sparkling wine producer),
Columbia Crest
 Partnership with Antinori (famous for Super Tuscans)
growing Sangiovese and Cabernet for blending

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Washington
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 Cascade Mountains
 West significant Rainfall, more moderate temperatures
 East less rainfall, warmer days, cooler nights
100º days  40º nights
 irrigation is necessary


Long daylight hours
 Dominant Grape Varieties
 Chardonnay, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Riesling, Syrah
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Selection of Washington AVAs
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 Columbia Valley AVA (W & O)
 6 Sub Appellations as of 10/10
 Walla Walla Valley AVA (W & O)
 Sub Appellation of Columbia Valley AVA
 Less than ½ % of total vineyards
 Yakima Valley AVA
 Sub Appellation of Columbia Valley AVA
 40% of Washington’s vineyards
 Red Mountain AVA
 Sub Appellation of Columbia Valley AVA
 One of the Smallest Appellation
 Horse Heaven Hills AVA
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Oregon
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 Think Pinot Noir
 Most Farm Using Sustainable & Environmentally
Friendly Practices
 Climate

Maritime
 Dominant Grape Varieties
 Pinot Noir, Pinot Gris, Chardonnay
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Oregon’s AVAs
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 Columbia Valley AVA (W & O)
 Walla Walla Valley AVA (W & O)
 Willamette Valley AVA
 largest, 75% of production
 Chehalem Mountains
 Umpqua Valley AVA
 Dundee Hills AVA
 Rogue Valley AVA
 Applegate AVA
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Comparison of Washington & Oregon
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Washington
Oregon
East Cascade Mts.
West Cascade Mts.
Irrigation
No Irrigation
Continental
Maritime
2021 Hours of Sunshine and More Heat
Good for Thick Skin Varietal
1660 Hours of Sunshine
Better for Thin Skin Varietals
24% Chardonnay
22%Cabernet Sauvignon
21% Merlot
23% Other (Trend Toward Sangiovese)
53% Pinot Noir
13% Pinot Gris
9% Chardonnay
25% Other
540 Wineries
More than 300 wineries
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Terms to Know
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 Prohibition
 TTB
 AVA
 Labeling Laws
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