Transcript National parks - YPEF Young People in European Forests

NATIONAL
PARKS
IN EUROPE
Poland
The Białowieża National Park
It is the oldest national park in Poland. It
beginnings dates back to 1921, when strict
nature reserve was established in the best
preserved fragment of the primeval forest, which
gave the beginning to the today’s Park.
Nowadays, the BNP area is 10 517 ha, 5 726 of
which remains under strict protection
The European bison demonstration reserve is located
on the way Hajnówka-Białowieża. It demonstrates a
group of the European bison that consists of one adult
bull, a few cows, and their offspring. You can also see
in the reserve a group Polish Tarpan ponies, as well as
deer, roe deer, wild boars, elks, and wolves. The
exhibition is complemented by „żubroń” (a hybrid of
the European bison and farm cattle).
Sweden
Sarek National Park
It
is
a
national
park
in
Jokkmok
Municipality, Lapland in the north of Sweden.
Established in 1909–1910, the park is one of the
oldest national parks in Europe. It is adjacent to
two national parks, the Stora Sjöfallet and
the Padjelanta. The shape of the Sarek park is
roughly circular with an average diameter of
about 50 km (31.07 mi).
Greece
Olympus National Park
In 1938, Olympus, the highest Greek mountain,
the residence of the twelve ancient gods, was
the first area which was declared as a National
Park. About 50 years ago a special regime was
enforced to protect this unique part of country.
Thirty- two species of mammals have been
recorded on Mount Olympus the most common
being the chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra), deer
(Capreolus capreolus), wolf (Canis lupus) wild pig
(Sus scrofa), fox (Vulpes vulpes), ferret (Martes
foina), squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris), jackal (Canis
aureus), wild cat (Felis sylvestris), etc. Furthermore
108 species of bird have been recorded which
find refuge in the dense forests and the sheer
rocky mountain slopes. Some of these species of
fauna are under threat such as the chamois,
golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) and the rare
woodpecker and are strictly protected under
international
agreements.
Additionally
the
streams and the small lakes are home to a
significant number of amphibians and reptiles
and a vast number of butterflies for which
Olympus is famous.
GERMANY
Bavarian Forest National Park
It was founded on 7 October 1970 as
the first national park in Germany.
Since its expansion on 1 August 1997 it
has
covered
an
area
of
24,250 hectares. Together with the
neighbouring
Czech
Bohemian
Forest, the Bavarian Forest forms the
largest contiguous area of forest
in Central Europe.
FLORA
There are 2502 native and 361 non-native knownof the most endangered species in the whole of
fern and flowering plants in Bavaria. Just 425 Europe! There are some species in the area
species can be regarded as typical of this normally found in arctic or alpine regions, which
landscape with its dense forests, mires and rock can be regarded as relics of the ice age, such
formations. This does not mean that the national as mignonette-leaved bittercress (cardamine
park does not have any particularities. For resedifolia),
nutant
willowherb
(epilobium
example, The leathery moonwort (Botrychium nutans), Carex paupercula, or Alpine Clubmoss
multifidum), a very weak small fern, is currently (Diphasiastrum alpinum).
only to be found in the national park, and is one
FRANCE
Cévennes National Park
It is located in southern France, in the
mountainous area of Cévennes. The park
includes several mountains and plateaus,
including:
Mont
Lozère,
Mont
Aigoual, Causse Méjean, France. Mont
Lozère is the highest peak in the area,
reaching 1,699 metres. The Cévennes
country is rich of history, with a strong
cultural identity, being at the heart
of Camisard revolt. In 2011, the Park was
made a part of The Causses and the
Cévennes, Mediterranean agro-pastoral
Cultural
Landscape
UNESCO
World
Heritage site.
Landscape
In Cevennes National Park low mountains flow
smoothly onto the plains of Languedoc,
creating a patchwork of rocky heights,
grasslands, forests, and farms. This is not a pure
wilderness park but a classic landscape of
traditional French life. Despite a strong human
presence the park boasts plenty of purely
natural wonders. The Tarn and Jonte gorges
present dramatic vistas, where waterways have
scoured canyons and created rock faces up to
1,640 feet high. Cevennes National Park is
home to an outstanding trio of caves: Aven
Armand, Dargilan, and Bramabiau. Dargilan,
known as the “pink cave,” has a 21,528-squarefoot calcite flow—the world's largest.
NORWAY
Nordre Isfjorden National Park
Norway has the most national parks.
The park carries the name of
the fjord Isfjorden, one of the largest
fjords in Svalbard. The park was
opened in 2003. Over 60 percent of
Svalbard is protected land.
FAUNA
Only a few species of birds live in or visit
the park, but the ones that are found
here often gather in huge numbers. The
birds found in Isfjorden include Brünnich’s
guillemot,
little
auk,
Atlantic
puffin,
glaucous
gull,
northern
fulmar and black-legged kittiwake. Other
notable
species
recorded
here
are barnacle and pink-footed geese, and
the Svalbard rock ptarmigan. During
certain points in the year there is an inflow
of warm, saline water into the Isfjorden,
which results in the circulation of water
layers that foster the growth of plankton,
which
sustains
large
number
of
crustaceans. The crustaceans attract fish
like the capelin and polar cod, which in
turn draw seabirds and mammals.
Svalbard is Arctic wilderness and polar
bear country.
ICELAND
Vatnajökull National Park
It was established on 7 June 2008. When
established, the park covered an area
of 12.000 km2, but with recent additions
of Lakagígar, Langisjór and Krepputunga
,it covers now 13.920 km2, making it
Europe's second largest national park in
terms of area after Yugyd Va in Russia.
Vatnajökull is Europe's largest glacier
outside the arctic, with a surface area of
8,100 km2.
LANDSCAPE
Vatnajökull
hides
some
active
central
volcanoes, of which Bárðarbunga is the largest
and Grímsvötn the most active. The scenery
encircling the glacier is extremely varied.
Towards the north, the highland plateau is
divided by glacial rivers. The south side of
Vatnajökull is characterised by many high,
majestic mountain ridges, with outlet glaciers
descending between them onto the lowlands.
On the western rim of the Vatnajökull ice cap lies
the volcano Hamarinn, which is probably
connected to the hyaloclastite ridges between
Langisjór and Tungnaá.
Broad wetlands and
expansive ranges distinguish the areas near the
glacier and farther east, around Snæfell.
Autorki prezentacji:
Klaudia Banach
Aleksandra Juchniewicz
Paulina Wylamowska
Zespół Szkół nr 1 w Nidzicy