Transcript Agrawal, Shailesh - World Bamboo Organization

Bamboo as a Material
for Housing and
Buildings
– Indian Experience
Building Materials and Technology
Promotion Council
Ministry of Housing & Urban Poverty Alleviation
Government of India
Traditional use of Wood and
Bamboo
Forest Cover in India
• 329 m hectares land area
• 63.34 m hectares notified as forest –
19.15%
• Dense forest -
11%
• Open forest -
8%
• Mangrove
0.15%
-
Therefore, there is a need to save forest timber.
Bamboo Addresses THREE Major
National Concerns
ECOLOGICAL SECURITY: conservation of forests
through timber substitution, alternate materials to
non-biodegradable & high energy consuming
materials like metals and plastics
SUSTAINABLE FOOD SECURITY: bamboo based agro forestry system, maintenance of soil fertility of
adjoining agricultural lands, and bamboo shoots
LIVELIHOOD SECURITY: generation of employment in
planting and primary processing for manufacturing
mat based composites and other market driven
bamboo products
BAMBOO
RESOURCES IN
INDIA
MAJOR BAMBOO GROWING
REGIONS / STATES
North East
Madhya Pradesh
Maharashtra
Orissa
Andhra Pradesh
Karnataka
Other States
(Kerala, UP,
Jharkhand,
West Bengal)
LAND AREA
329 MHa
FOREST AREA
63.3 MHa
BAMBOO AREA
8.96MHa
67% clump forming
33% non clump forming
AREA
(%)
Gross
Share
28.0
20.3
9.9
8.7
7.4
5.5
20.2
66
12
5
7
2
3
5
India is home to almost 45 % of
world's bamboo forests
4.5 M tons annually produced
from 8.96 m ha.
Status of Bamboo Resources in NorthEastern Region
State
Bamboo Growing
Area (Sq.Km.)
Bamboo Stock
(Million tons)
Mizoram
9210
10.89
Assam
8213
13.41
Arunachal Pradesh
4590
9.84
Manipur
3692
11.47
Meghalaya
3102
4.41
Tripura
939
0.86
Nagaland
758
3.66
30504
54.53
Total
Distribution of Some Important
Bamboo Species in India
Species
Availability States
% Growing
Stock
D. strictus
45
Meghalaya, Manipur, Nagaland, Orissa
M. baccifera
20
Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram,
Tipura
B. arundinacia
13
Nagaland, Karnataka, Orissa
D. hamiltonii
7
Arunchal Pradesh, Assam, Nagaland
B. tulda
5
Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Tripura
B. pallida
4
Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Tripura
Rest
6
Major Uses of Bamboo
Use
Percent Consumption
Paper Pulp
35.0
Housing
20.0
Non-Residential
5.0
Rural uses
20.0
Fuel
8.5
Packing, including baskets
5.0
Transport
1.5
Furniture
1.0
Other wood industries
1.0
Others, including ladders etc.
3.0
Characteristics affecting usefulness of
bamboo as construction material
-
the strength of bamboo culms
their straightness
lightness combined with hardeners
range and size of hollowers
with good physical and mechanical
properties, low shrinkage and average
density, it is well suited to replace wood
in several applications
Major Uses of Bamboo in Construction
•
•
•
•
•
Scaffolding
Reinforcement
Roofing
Walling
Doors & Windows
Bamboo – Raw Material to Finished
Product
As a Raw Material
Bamboo – Nature’s Gift
[A material for cost effective and
disaster resistant housing]
Properties:
1. High tensile strength
2. Very good weight to
strength ratio
3. Pressure tolerance
upto 3656 kg/cm2
4. Easy to handle with
simple tools
5. Renewable raw
material
Treatment & Preservation
Preservation (Traditional methods):
Curing; Smoking; Soaking; Seasoning
Chemical Treatment:
Boric acid; Borax; Boron; (Dip diffusion or
modified Boucherie processes)
Mechanical
Process for
Cutting, slicing,
knot removing
and slivering
Mat
weaving
from
Slivers
Hot
Processing
and Binding
Building Material
1. Environment
friendly
2. Energy
efficient
3. Cost effective
Weaknesses
1. Has short durability compared to wood
2. High moisture and starch content
3. Prone to fungi and beetle attach
4. Service life of untreated bamboo 4-6
years in exposed conditions
Composite Building
Materials
•BMBs, BMPB, BMCS
•Bamboo Lumber
•Sandwiched panel
•Bamboo based shutters
•Bamboo flooring
Bamboo House
Indian Specifications for
Bamboo & Bamboo Products
IS 14588 : 1999 Specification for Bamboo Mat Veneer Composite
for General Purposes
IS 13958 : 1994 Specification for Bamboo Mat Board for General
Purposes
IS 1902 : 1993 Code of Practice for Preservation of Bamboo and
Cane for non-structural purposes
IS 10145 : 1982 Specification for Bamboo Supports for
Camouflaging Equipment
IS 9096 : 1979 Code of Practice for Preservation of Bamboo and
Cane for Structural purposes
IS 8242 :1976 Method of Tests for Split Bamboo
IS 8295 :1976 Specification for Bamboo Chicks ; Part 1 Fine,
Part 2 Coarse
IS 7344 : 1974 Specification for Bamboo Tent Pole
IS 6874 : 1973 Method of Tests for Round Bamboo
IS 15476 : 2004 Specification for Bamboo Mat Corrugated Sheets
Bamboo has lower natural durability against
attack of fungi and insects
-
requires treatment to increase durability
difficult to be treated by normal
preservative methods in dry
conditions.
Best carried out in green
conditions.
IS9096:2006 : Code of Practice for preservation
of bamboo for structural purpose
Covers : Type of preservations,
Treatment procedure for structural purposes
like post, scaffolding, walls, trusses etc.
Preservatives Recommended
-
Coal Tar Creosote
-
Copper – chrome - arsenic
compositions
-
Acid- cupric – chromate composition
-
Copper – chrome- born composition
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Boni Acid – boxes
-
Copper zinc – napthanate
Abietates
Process of Preservation
IS 401:2001 Code of Practice for Preservation of Timber
1. Surface application ( brushing, dipping)
3. Boucheire Process
4. Diffusion Process
2. Hot & Cold Method
5. Inter Nodal Injection
Structural Provision of Bamboo
Part 6
:
Structural Design
Section 3:
Timber and Bamboo: 3B.
Bamboo National Building Code.
Material Specification
-
Physical and mechanical
properties of 20 species of bamboo
16 species found suitable for
structural purpose and densified
in Group A,B,C.
Limiting Strength Values (in Green
Conditions)
Modulus of
Rupture (R’)
Modulus of Elasticity
(E) in Bending
103 N/mm2
Group A
R’ > 70
E>9
Group B
70> R’>50
9>E>6
Group C
50> R’>30
6>E>3
Most Suited Species
Bamusa bamboos
Dendrocalamus strength
Bright shiny, green
Pale blue green when
when fresh, yellow with fresh dull green to
age
yellow with age
Height
15-30m
8-16m
Diameter
Upto 150mm
25-80 mm
Internodes
200-400mm
300-400 mm
Thickness
Thick-walled
Thick walled often solid
Other species: Bamboo Below; Bamboo; Dendrocalamus as per;
Dendrocalamus transitions
Typical Moisture Content Relation
Matured culms shall be seasoned to about 20%
moisture content before use.
Grading of structural bamboo
Sorting out bamboo on the basis of
characteristics importance for structural
utilization
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Diameter and length of culms
Taper of culms
Straightness of culms
Inter-nodal length
Wall thickness
Density and strength
Durability and seasoning.
Segregation of Bamboo
Structural Group A and Group B Species
Special Grade:
Grade I
Grade II
Grade III
70mm < diameter < 100m
50mm < diameter < 70m
30mm < diameter < 50m
Diameter < 30m
Structural Group C
Special grade I
80mm < diameter < 100m
II
60mm < diameter < 80m
III
Diameter < 60m
Taper : shall not be > 5.8 mm/m may be length in any grade.
Curvature : max. curvature shall not be >75mm in length of 6m of
any grades.
Wall thickness: Minimum wall thickness of 8mm for load bearing
members.
Defects: Dead and immature bamboo, bore/GHOON, holes, decay,
collapse, checks more then 3 mm in depth shall be avoided.
Trusses
Joints
BMTPC’ Initiative
For
Application of Bamboo in
Housing
Disaster
Mitigation &
Vulnerability/
Risk
Environmental Reduction
Protection
through
technology
intervention
Energy
Cost
Reduction &
Employment
Generation
Efficiency in
Materials
production
Focus Areas of Work
Bamboo Mat
Corrugated Sheets
HAS IMMENSE POTENTIAL AS ROOFING
MATERIAL
ECO-FRIENDLY
HIGHLY RESILIENT
LOW WEIGHT
LOW THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY
AESTHETIC APPEARANCE
Bamboo Mat
Corrugated
Sheets
BMTPC and IPIRTI
have jointly developed
a technology for
manufacturing
Bamboo Mat
Corrugated Sheets
(BMCSs) particularly
for North-Eastern
region.
This technology has
been transferred to M/s
Timpack Pvt. Ltd. who
have set up a
commercial plant at
Byrnihat, Meghalaya
with a production
capacity of 3000-4000
sheets per month.
Some Important Properties of BMCS
Size
: 1.05m X 1.8 m X 3.5 mm
Weight
: 6.5 – 7.90 kg/sheet
(app. half that of ACCS)
Load Bearing Capacity
: 4.8 N/mm width
Deflection at Breaking Point
: 85 mm
Thermal Conductivity
: 0.1928 k cal/m OC
(app. half that of ACCS)
Fire Resistance
: Conforms to flammability test
Energy Requirement
: Highly Energy Efficient
LOAD BEARING STRENGTH OF BMCS
CGIS
ACCS
ALUMINIUM
BMCS
Women Working in
Corrugated Sheet Factory
in Byrnihat, Meghalaya
BMCS
at
TERRACE
CAFÉ
DFID
NEW DELHI
October, 2000
Traffic Pedestal
(prototype)
Two installed at
Mathura Road
New Delhi (Nov. 2000)
Use of Bamboo in Housing
& Building Construction
‘Bamboo - A material for cost
effective and disaster resistant
housing used for construction of
demonstration buildings and
structures’
Demonstration House
(plinth area 290 sq. ft.)
at IPIRTI, Bangalore
March 2001
Two bedroom bamboo house constructed at IPIRTI, Bangalore
Design: Mrs. Neelam Manjunath, Mansaram Architects, Bangalore
Construction Agency: KARNIK, Bangalore
Total Built Up Area : 897 Sq. Ft.
Construction Cost : Rs. 2,75,000 (Rs. 307 per sq. ft.)
Construction of demonstration structures using
bamboo materials in Mizoram and Tripura
Salient Features of the Structures
•
•
•
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Bamboo posts
Bamboo grid ferrocement walls
Bamboo trusses and purlins
Bamboo Mat Corrugated Sheet Roofing
Construction of Demonstration Buildings using
Bamboo Based Technologies in Mizoram
Type I house at Sairang, Aizawl.
Library Building, Kolasib.
Type II house at Sairang, Aizawl.
Type I house at District Park, Kolasib.
Construction of Demonstration Buildings using
Bamboo Based Technologies in Mizoram
Type II house at Lunglei.
Picnic Hut at Tiangnuam, Aizawl
OPD Building at Zemabawk, Aizawl.
Type II house at Luangmual, Aizawl
Construction of Demonstration Buildings using
Bamboo Based Technologies in Tripura
Construction of Demonstration Structure using Bamboo
based Technologies in Shillong
Construction of Demonstration School Building using
Bamboo based Technologies at Mizoram
Construction of Demonstration School Building using
Bamboo based Technologies in Tripura
Establishment of Bamboo Mat
Production Centres (BMPCs)
BMTPC in cooperation with CBTC and State
Govts. is establishing 8 BMPCs in the States
of Mizoram, Meghalaya, Tripura & Assam
Objectives
1. To set up Bamboo Mat Production
Centres for uninterrupted supply of mats
to manufacturing units of bamboo based
building components for increasing the
productivity and improving quality.
2. To provide training in Mat production.
Bamboo Mat Production Centres (BMPCs) … contd.
State
Location of Mat Centres
Mizoram
1.
2.
New Airport Road, Sairang, Aizawl (Phase-I)
Bualpui, Kolasib (Phase-I)
Meghalaya
1.
2.
Sokhar Nongtluh village, Umden (Phase-I)
Nongchram (Phase-II)
Tripura
1.
2.
Kowaifung,Tripura (Phase-I)
To be identified (Phase-II)
Assam
1.
2.
Golaghat (Phase-II)
Silchar (Phase-II)
Benefits
•
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Feeder units for the bamboo industry
Employment generation - 150 women/men per day per
Centre
Increased productivity and improved quality
Machines being Installed at BMPCs
S.
No.
Particulars
S.
No.
Particulars
1.
Bamboo Cross cutting
machine
8.
Bamboo Stick Making
Machine
2.
Bamboo Radial Splitter
(chain type)
9.
Bamboo Stick Sizing Machine
3.
Bamboo Inside Knot
Remover cum slicing
Machine
10.
Bamboo Stick Polishing
Machine
4.
Bamboo Outside Knot
Removing Machine
11.
Bamboo Two side Planner
with Knot Remover
5.
Bamboo Slivering Machine
12.
Cutter Sharpening Machine
6.
Bamboo Manual Splitter
13.
7.
Tool Kit including Measuring
instruments, etc.
Bamboo Slivering Machine
(Manual) with stand
Bamboo Mat Production Centre at Kowaifung,
Tripura
Bamboo Mat Production Centre at Sairang,
Mizoram
Bamboo Mat Production Centre at Bualpui,
Mizoram
Bamboo Mat Production Centre at Vill.Sohkar
Nongtluh, Meghalaya
Management of BMPCs
•
A tripartite MoU between BMTPC, CBTC and local
partners identified by the respective State Govts.
•
The local partners providing infrastructure
facilities such as land development, boundary
wall/fencing, storage space for raw material and
finishes goods, water & electric connections and
working capital for running the Centre at their own
cost.
•
All the machinery, equipment and shed is being
provided by BMTPC.
•
The training of the managers/supervisors/workers
of the respective BMPCs are being provided by
CBTC.
Production Capacity of BMPCs
•
The production capacity of each BMPC will be 200
mats per day.
•
It is estimated that the Centres will be able to
produce the mat at a very reasonable price.
•
This will provide employment generation of nearly
150 women/men per day i.e. 45,000 women/men
days per year per Centre.
•
Besides the above, the Centres can also generate
income by supplying bamboo sticks made out of
bamboo waste, to the artisans for making
handicraft items.
New
Technology
Development
Pre-fab Double walled Composite House
Developed a technology for
Pre-fab Double Walled
Composite House with
IPIRTI, Bangalore.
Material used are Bamboo
Mat Board for walling, BMCS
for Roofing with steel
framed structure .
Salient features are ease in
transportation, speedy
erection at a reasonable
cost.
Most suitable for emergency
structures during post
disaster events.
Two Storey Bamboo Housing System
Developed the technology
with IPIRTI, Bangalore using
bamboo based components.
Material used are Bamboo
coloums, Bamboo grid
walls, BMCS for Roofing,
bamboo composite beams
with steel and bamboo and
bamboo composite slab.
Development of this
technology will enable
construction of two storey
houses in the bamboo
growing regions.
Bamboo Mat Ridge Cap for Roofing
Developed the technology
with IPIRTI, Bangalore for
replacement of the present
practice of using flat boards
to avoid perforations.
Salient features are:
Dimensionally stable
Ready & easy to fix
Non permeable
Suitable for wide range of
roof angles.
Compatible with BMCS.
Other projects completed in NE Region
 Construction of 2 Cafeteria Buildings in
Kisama, Nagaland.
 Construction of 2 demonstration structures
using bamboo based technologies in Shillong,
Meghalaya
 Organisation of number of training
programmes on bamboo based technologies.
 Preparation of detailed feasibility reports for
production ofbamboo based components like
BMCS, BMB etc.
Ongoing Activities in NE Region
 Setting up of Bamboo Mat Production Centre in
Mopaya village, Deomali, Arunachal Pradesh
 Setting up of Bamboo Mother Park in collaboration
with CBTC at Byrnihat, Meghalaya
 Setting up of Bamboo Mat Production centre at
Nongchram , Garo Hills, Meghalaya
 Construction of demonstration structures using
bamboo based technologies
 Setting up of Technology Demonstration cum
Production Centre at Tripura
 Development of technology for Flattened Bamboo
Lumbers for structural applications.
Ongoing Activities in other Regions
Ongoing Activities in other Regions
Challenges ahead
• Increasing durability
• Developing efficient
jointing system
• Developing prefab
system
• Developing composite
system to deal with
natural hazards
• Growing bamboo of
structural grade
• Setting up of more
production centers
• Studying other
bamboo which are
available but not used
in construction
• Capacity building of
artisans
Thank you for
your kind attention
www.bmtpc.org
Creating Enabling Environment for Affordable
Housing for All