Transcript chapter 15--the british isles and the nordic nations.

CHAPTER 15--THE BRITISH
ISLES AND THE NORDIC
NATIONS.
SECTION ONE--ENGLAND
THE UNITED KINGDOM
• ALL ISLANDS CALLED THE “BRITISH
ISLES.
• UNITED KINGDOM MADE UP OF”
• GREAT BRITAIN--WHICH IS
•
1) ENGLAND 2) WALES
•
3) SCOTLAND
• AND NORTHERN IRELAND
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rNu8XDBSn10
ENGLAND’S 3 REGIONS
• THE HIGHLANDS
– BAND OF HILLS/MTS.--WEST COAST
– DIFFICULT TO FARM
• THE MIDLANDS
– INDUSTRIAL REGION /COAL & INDUSTRY
– LARGEST POPULATED CITIES HERE
• LOWLANDS
– LAND SLOPES TOWARD ENGLISH CHANNEL
– ENGLANDS MOST PRODUCTIVE FARM AREA
– RAISING SHEEP, BEEF AND DAIRY CATTLE
LONDON--KEY CITY!
•
•
•
•
CAPITAL OF ENGLAND
LOCATED ON THE THAMES RIVER
NATURAL HARBOR
LOCATION MADE IT NATURAL AS A
CENTER OF TRADE--CLOSENESS TO
EUROPE.
ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES
• INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION STARTS IN
ENGLAND.
• ABUNDANT NATURAL RESOURCES
– COAL, LABOR, WATER POWER
• GROWTH OF INDUSTRIAL TOWNS
– BIRMINGHAM, SHEFFIELD, NEWCASTLE
• CREATED PROBLEMS
– INCREASED POLLUTION
• CHALLENGED BY NEW INDUSTRIAL NATIONS
– U.S. AND GERMANY
ENGLAND’C CHANGING
ECONOMY
• MORE TERTIARY ECONOMIC
ACTIVITIES
– SERVICE INDUSTRIES
• INCREASED TRADE-RELATIONS WITH
EUROPE--RESULTS OF THE “CHUNNEL”
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V1AcpNwY0L
I
• PART OF THE EUROPEAN UNION
– WON’T ADOPT THE “EURO”-currency
UNIQUE ACTIVITIES IN
ENGLAND
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z64A
zHIdgKw&feature=related
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7tUV
o1TcbGw
SECTION 2--SCOTLAND AND
WALES
• SCOTLAND
• 1/3 OF THE LAND OF THE UNITED KINGDOM.
• LESS THAN 10% OF U.K. POPULATION
• SEPARATED FROM ENGLAND BY THE TWEED
RIVER AND THE CHEVIOT HILLS.
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bXLzMZ_ABU0
REGIONS OF SCOTLAND
• THE HIGHLANDS
– HIGH PLATEAU COVERED WITH LAKES
CALLED LOCHS
– MANY BROAD TREELESS PLAINS --MOORS
– AREAS OF WET SPONGY GROUND--BOGS
– FISHING & SHEEP HERDING-ECONOMIC
ACTIVITIES
– PRODUCE THE HANDWOVEN WOOLEN
CLOTH--TWEED
REGIONS OF SCOTLAND
• CENTRAL LOWLANDS
– 75% OF POPULATION-BETWEEN GLASGOW
AND EDINBURGH
– RECENT LOSS OF INDUSTRY
• SOUTHERN UPLANDS
– CLOSEST TO ENGLAND
– SHEEP RAISING REGION
SCOTTISH CULTURE-OLD
AND NEW!
• NEW INDUSTRY--COMPUTERS &
TECHNOLOGY.
• STILL KEEP SCOTTISH GOVERNMENT
• PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH-CHIEF RELIGION
• HIGHLAND GAMES --TRADITIONAL ATHLETIC
CONTESTS!
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yZOeHoyNd6c
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9I9dg99ATnA&f
eature=related
WALES
• Conquered by England in 1284.
• About the size of Massachusetts
• 3 regions
– Highland Region--North
– Lowlands in South near Cardiff
– Cambrian Mts. In Central Wales
• Marine West Coast climate
WALES ECONOMICS AND
INDEPENDENCE
• ECONOMICS OF WALES
– EARLY 1900’S RELIED ON COAL MINING
– COAL MINES FAILED IN 1990’S
– REPLACED BY TECHNOLOGY AND TOURISM
JOBS
• TRYING TO MAINTAIN THEIR OWN
CULTURE:
– 1) SEPARATE LANGUAGE
• 20% OF PEOPLE SPEAK WELSH
– 2) OWN FLAG
SECTION 3 THE TWO
IRELANDS
• IRELAND DIVIDED INTO 2 PARTS:
• NORTHERN IRELAND
– PREDOMINANTLY PROTESTANT
– ENGLISH / SCOTTISH IMMIGRANTS
– AGAINST RE-UNITING IRELAND
• REPUBLIC OF IRELAND
– PREDOMINATLY CATHOLICS
– DESCENDANTS OF ORIGINAL CELTIC
PEOPLE
– GOAL IS TO RE-UNITE IRELAND.
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
• NICKNAMED THE “EMERALD ISLE”
• MARINE WEST COAST CLIMATE
• 1/6 COVERED WITH PEAT--A waterlogged
spongy material now used in power plants.
• ECONOMICS--GOOD AND BAD
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
+Growth in education and telecommunications
+1994-2000 highest economic growth in Europe
+Unemployment falls
+Irish emigrants return to Ireland
-Ireland adopts the Euro.
-Inflation 6.2%(Triple European average)
-Housing costs grow
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DsVd1S6g284&featur
e=related
IRISH HISTORY
• IRELAND FALLS UNDER BRITISH CONTROL. 1200’S
• LAND SPLIT BETWEEM ENGLISH PROTESTANTS AND IRISH
CATHOLICS--1600-1800
• CULTURAL DIVERGENCE--KEEP CULTURES APART
• POTATO FAMINE LEADS TO MILLIONS DYING DUE TO
STARVATION!--BLAME ENGLAND!
– MILLIONS IMMIGRATE TO THE U.S.
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rjtkRfsZUck&feature=r
elated
• REPUBLIC OF IRELAND BECOMES INDEPENDENT 1949
• History of violence between Protestants and Catholics
SECTION 4--THE NORDIC
NATIONS
• 5 INDEPENDENT NATIONS
–
–
–
–
–
FINLAND
SWEDEN
NORWAY
DENMARK
ICELAND
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mn3vwBsAJEo
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sA_ytcSGhsI&fe
ature=related
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
• MUCH OF TERRAIN ESTABLISHED BY
LAST “ICE AGE”.
• 2 PENINSULAS FILLED WITH LAKES AND
ROCKEY SOIL.
• COASTLINE A SERIES OF DEEP WATER
FILLED VALLEYS CALLED “FJORDS”
NATURAL RESOURCES
• ICELAND --A LAND OF FIRE AND ICE
– HOT WATER GEYSERS AND VOLCANOES
NEXT TO GLACIERS
• INHABITANTS RELY ON “GEOTHERMAL
ENERGY” AS A SOURCE OF POWER.
– ACOUNTS FOR A LARGE PORTION OF ALL
THEIR POWER.
SEASONS IN THE NORDIC
NATIONS
• WINTER-LONGEST SEASON
– SUN MAY ONLY SHINE 2-3 HOURS.
– INFLUENCE OF THE “NORTHERN LIGHTS”
• SUMMER--SHORT SEASON
– NOTED PUBLIC HOLIDAY
– “RETURN OF THE MIDNITE SUN”
– SUNLIGHT SHINES FOR 20 HOURS A DAY.
CLIMATE OF NORDIC
NATIONS
• LONG COLD WINTERS, BUT
COASTAL AREAS--MILD CLIMATES
• AFFECTED BY WARM WATER
OCEAN CURRENTS
WHAT DO THE NORDIC
NATIONS HAVE IN COMMON
• FIRST RULED BY THE VIKINGS 800-1050
• MOST PRACTICE LUTHERAN REFORMED
RELIGION
• SIMILAR LANGUAGES--ALL STUDENTS
REQUIRED TO LEARN ENGLISH
• ALL ARE DEMOCRACIES AND MIXED
ECONOMIES
NORDIC NATIONS-ECONOMICS AND FOREIGN
POLICY
• NORDIC GOVTS. PROVIDE/PAY FOR
HEALTH CARE AND DAY CARE.
• BELIEVE IN NEUTRALITY IN FOREIGN
AFFAIRS.
• ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES
– SWEDEN & DENMARK--FARMING (60% OF
LAND)
– NORWAY--FISHING
– NORWAY--OIL & NATURAL GAS, TIMBER