Transcript Arctic Indians - Mrs. Francisco`s Writing Class

Objective: To examine the peoples of the North, the
Northwest Coast, and the Great Plains.
Inuit child;
people of the
Arctic
Chief Anotklosh of
the Taku Tribe, ca.
1913 ; people of
the Northwest
Coast
Sacajawea, Shoshone
tribe; people of the
Great Plains
Arctic People
Peoples of the North
• The Inuits live in the
Arctic, a land of frozen icy
seas and treeless plains.
Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
• Traditionally, the Inuits made their homes out of driftwood.
An iceberg floats by an Inuit
village on the coast of East
Greenland.
(left) Here are homes
of Inuit living in Indian
Point, Siberia in
1897.
(right) This photograph, from
around 1899, shows an Inuit
summer hut. It is made of
animal skins stretched over a
frame. Traditionally, Inuit lived
in huts like these during the
warmer summer months.
• The Inuits traveled each
season to new locations in
order to find food.
Examples:
winter – hunted seals and
fish near the sea
Food
The Arctic Indians hunted whale and
sea lions.
They ate a lot of dried fish which was
smoked in smoke houses during the
summer for winter food.
Eskimo
A group of peoples inhabiting the
Arctic coastal regions of North
America and parts of Greenland and
northeast Siberia.
word meaning 'those who eat their
meat raw.'
spring – used kayaks, or small skin boats, to hunt seals and
whales
Hunter with a Killing Lance and Club
Eskimo couple with reindeer pulling sled, location unknown, Alaska, ca. 1899
Eskimo family, possibly Siberian, seated in front of cloth shelter with fur floor
covering, location unknown, ca. 1899
Clothing
Arctic Indians wore parkas, gloves, and
boots all made from caribou hides.
They may have weighed up to twenty
pounds.
An parka is a type of heavy jacket with a
hood, often lined with fur or fun fur, so as to
protect the face from a combination of
freezing temperatures and wind.
Eskimo woman in
fur parka with
patchwork and fur
trim, location
unknown, ca. 1899
This Inuit woman is
carrying her baby on
her back, the
traditional Inuit way to
carry a baby. The
hoods of women's
parkas were made extra
large to fit an infant if
needed. (1906)
This portrait of an Inuit
man wearing a fur jacket
with hood was most likely
taken at the beginning of
the 20th century.
Traditional Inuit clothing is
made from animal skins.
Large thick warm coats
with big hoods called
parkas are worn as an
outer layer.
Weapons
Arctic Indians used
whale bones for
weapons such as
spears and
knives.
Habitat
The January temperatures
often drop to -40º
Fahrenheit. The land is flat
except for the central
Alaska area.
Shelter
Permanent homes were made of stone and earth.
They were built partially underground. Whale ribs
sometimes supported the roof.
Temporary winter hunting lodges called igloos
were made from snow and ice.
Gaps in the ice blocks were filled with soft snow
and the inside was lined with furs.
Peoples of the Northwest Coast
• The peoples of the Northwest Coast lived in an area filled with resources.
Examples: trees - wood used to make houses
- inner bark used to make baskets, rope and clothes
Gabe Gobin, an Indian logger, in front of his home. Tulalip Reservation,
Washington. Photographed by Lee Muck, 1916.
WEST INDIANS
The California Indians lived in what is
now California between the Rocky
Mountians and Sierra Nevada.
The California Indians had
one of the largest populations
in North America west of the
Great Plains.
Over 200,000 Indians lived in
California.
Shelter
Shelter
All villages had a sweat
lodge, where the men met
and slept. The sweat lodge
was made by digging a
hole in the ground and
covering the top with dirt.
Clothing
Men wore loincloths in the summer.
The women wore skirts made of fibers
from bark, grass, and sometimes
deerskin. Both men and women went
barefoot except during snow.
Skin moccasins were worn during the
winter. Fur and fiber blankets were
also wore during the winter.
fish – the
area is
abundant
with
salmon
Video: Salmon Hunt
animals deer,
moose,
and bear
were
hunted for
their meat
and hides
"Spirit of the Sockeye“ (pen & ink / acrylic 11x13) Salmon are very
important to the cultures of the Northwest coast tribes and figure
prominently in their lives, their history, and their legends. Natives
believed the salmon to be a separate people, living beneath the ocean.
Food
The California area was rich in natural
resources.
The main foods included wild plants,
seeds, and nuts.
The people also ate grasshoppers,
caterpillars, and grubs.
The California tribes were hunters
and gathers.
The men fished, trapped, and hunted.
The women gathered food.
The men caught fish with hooks and
spears.
Money
The California tribes made
money by breaking shells
into small rounded beads.
They strung the beads in
groups.
• Families held potlatches, or ceremonial dinners, where they showed off
their wealth by giving gifts to the guests, such as canoes, animal skins,
and jewelry.
Potlatch
figure
welcoming
guests
Potlatch gift
Chest with Cover
Art
The California tribes were
known for their beautiful
baskets. The baskets were
used as traps, tools, cradles,
gifts, and storage containers.
They were decorated with
beads, shells, and tiny
feathers.
The End