Transcript Section 1 Notes

The American Nation
Chapter 1
Geography, History, and
the Social Sciences
Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Thinking Geographically
Chapter 1, Section 1
• How do the five themes of geography help
define the connections between
geography and history?
• How did geography influence population
trends in United States history?
• How are maps made and used?
What is Geography?
Chapter 1, Section 1
• Geography is the study of people, their
environments, and their resources.
• Geographers ask how the environment affects
people and how people affect the environment.
• Geography is linked to history.
• What are examples of how geography is linked to
history???
The Five Themes of Geography
Chapter 1, Section 1
Looking at the Five Themes
Chapter 1, Section 1
Location
Exact location describes a place on a grid of
numbered lines on a map or a globe.
• Lines of longitude measure distance east and
west of the Prime Meridian (Greenwich,
England).
• Lines of latitude measure distance north and
south from the Equator.
Relative location describes one place in relation
to another place.
Example:
Looking at the Five Themes
Chapter 1, Section 1
Place – describes physical and human features
• Physical features—climate, soil, vegetation, animal life,
bodies of water, and natural resources, for example.
• Human features—types of housing, transportation, jobs,
languages, and religions, for example.
• Example:
Interaction
• People adapt to the land
• People change the land, through crops, irrigation, pest
control, and drilling for oil, for example
• Example:
Natural resources—materials humans take from the
environment to satisfy their needs
Irrigation—bringing water to dry lands
Looking at the Five Themes
Chapter 1, Section 1
Movement
• People
• Goods
• Ideas
• It occurs because
people and resources
are scattered
unevenly.
• Examples in
history???:
Regions
• Unifying physical
characteristicsclimates, landforms
• Unifying human
characteristicslanguage, culture
• Example:
Way to Remember the Themes of Geography
MR. ILP
M
Movement
R.
I
Region
Interaction
L
Location
P
Place
U.S. Population Trends - Nystrom Atlas (p.4-5)
Discuss the following with your group:
1. By looking at the pp. 4-5, what population trends
do you see throughout our nation’s history?
2. How has geography affected these population
trends?
Geography and Population Trends
Chapter 1, Section 1
• Late 1700s—People lived along the Atlantic coast
or near other water transportation.
• Early 1800s—With new forms of transportation,
people moved westward and cleared land for
farms.
• Late 1800s—White settlers overcame Native
Americans and settled the West.
• Mid 1900s—People were attracted to cities with
mild climates in the south and west.
Cartographers Make Maps and Globes
Chapter 1, Section 1
Cartographers make maps using
different map projections for
different purposes.
• Cartographer—mapmaker
• Map – A drawing of the surface of
the Earth or part of the Earth.
• Globe – A sphere with a map of the
Earth printed on it.
• Map projections—ways to show the
earth on a flat surface. Types of
map projections are Mercator and
Robinson
1. What are the differences in
the projections? (p. 8 –
Geography Skills)
2. What are the advantages
and disadvantages of map
projections?
Cartographers make
different types of maps for
different purposes.
• Physical maps show
physical features such as
mountains and bodies of
water. – Example:
• Political maps show
countries, states, and
capitals and other cities.
– Example:
• Thematic maps deal with
specific topicspopulation, rainfall,
vegetation, or elections,
for example – Example:
Questions to answer???
1. What are the advantages and disadvantages of a
map verses a globe?
2. How do today’s cartographers create maps?
Section 1 Assessment
Chapter 1, Section 1
Which is the best definition of “geography”?
a) learning the countries and their capitals
b) study of rocks and rock formations
c) studying ways to show the earth on a flat surface
d) study of the connection between people and the natural environment.
The main purpose of a thematic map is to show ______.
a) mountain ranges and bodies of water
b) special information such as rainfall or population
c) boundaries of states and countries
d) capitals and other cities
Want to connect to the American Nation link for this section? Click here.
Section 1 Assessment
Chapter 1, Section 1
Which is the best definition of “geography”?
a) learning the countries and their capitals
b) study of rocks and rock formations
c) studying ways to show the earth on a flat surface
d) study of the connection between people and the natural environment.
The main purpose of a thematic map is to show ______.
a) mountain ranges and bodies of water
b) special information such as rainfall or population
c) boundaries of states and countries
d) capitals and other cities
Want to connect to the American Nation link for this section? Click here.