Transcript Unit 2 Review ppt

Unit 2 Review: Population
Vocab
• Demography
• Arithmetic population density: number of
people/km2 (or mile)
• Physiologic population density: number of
people/km2 (or mile) of arable land
• Agricultural density – number of farmers
per arable land
• Ecumene – portion of Earth’s surface
occupied by permanent human settlement
• Nonecumene – uninhabited or sparsely
populated
Highest Population Density
Region
Country – pop/km2
East Asia
1. Monaco – 23,660
2. South Asia
2. Singapore -6,369
3. Southeast Asia
3. Malta – 1,272
4. Western Europe
4. Maldives-1,105
1.
5. Bahrain-1,047
6. Bangladesh -1,045
• Some areas of North America’s population
have clusters of high density areas – such
as the megalopolis extending from Boston
to Washington, DC. (de Blij 43) approx.
with a population density of 7000+ per sq.
km
• New York Country has a population
density of 67,000 / sq. mile (Rubenstein)
• Overpopulation
• Carrying Capacity
• J-Curve – a graph representing
exponential growth
• S-Curve – the flattened out part of the
curve represents a population size
consistent with and supportable by the
exploitable resource base – have reached
the homeostatic plateau
DTM: The Classic Stages
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Birth rate
Natural
increase
Death rate
Time
Note: Natural increase is produced from the excess of births over deaths.
www.prb.org
Stage 4
http://www.uwmc.uwc.edu/geography/Demotrans/demtran.
htm
http://www.geographyalltheway.com/ib_geography/ib_population/ib_de
mographic_transition_model.htm
Statistics for England
Year
CBR
CDR
Population
1750
40
40
6
1800
34
20
9
1850
34
22
18
1900
28
16
32
1950
16
12
44
2000
11
10
60
Population Statistics
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NIR
TFR
CDR
CBR
IMR
Doubling Times
Life Expectancy
ZPG
Countries with Low Fertility
Decline or Growth, 2005-2050
Percent
Country (average number of children per woman)
Thailand (1.7)
13
10
China (1.6)
Armenia (1.3)
-6
-11
-23
8
Trinidad & Tobago (1.6)
Italy (1.3)
Russia (1.4)
Source: Population Reference Bureau, 2005 World Population Data Sheet.
Population Pyramids
Cohort
Population (demographic) momentum
Typical pyramids
Government Population Policies
• Expansive Population Policies – ex. Europe
• Eugenic Population Policies – designed to favor
one racial or cultural sector, ex. Japan
• Restrictive Population Policies – range from
toleration of officially unapproved means of birth
control to China’s one child only policy (de Blij)
• Swedish gov’t encouraging w/ little results
• Catholic countries prohibit birth control yet have
slow growth in close by countries, higher growth
farther away. Islamic countries experience
opposite.
Malthus & Neo-Malthusian
• Malthus – English economist – without
checks on the population, it will inevitably
increase faster than the food supplies
• Neo-Malthusians – advocates of
population control
Vocab
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Age distribution
Carrying capacity
Demographic equation
Demographic regions
Dependency ratio
Diffusion of fertility control
Disease diffusion
Epidemiological
Transition model
• Gendered space
• Maladaptation
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Mortality
Natality
Overpopulation
Population explosion
Population projection
Rate of natural increase
Sex ratio
Standard of living
Sustainability
Underpopulation
Unit 2 Review: Migration
Types of Movement
• Cyclic Movement – daily routine takes them
through a regular sequence of short moves
within a local area – activity spaces
– Commuting
– Nomadism
• Periodic Movement – a longer routine but still
results in returning home
– Migrant labor
– Transhumance – system of pastoral farming in which
ranchers move with the livestock
Migration
• International / Internal (inter-regional)
– THINK SCALE
– Migration transition – stage 2 migrants
(source countries) move to stage 4 countries
(destination countries)
• Forced / Voluntary
• Chain Migration
Migration ???
Explanations/models/yada yada
• Push & Pull Factors
– Economic (remittances)
– Environmental
– Cultural
– Distance decay & intervening opportunities
– Chain migration
• Ravenstein’s Law
• Gravity Model – size and distance affects
number of migrants
Im- or E-migration Patterns
• US Immigration Wave Chart!
• European Immigration
– Guest workers
• Emigrants from
– Cuba
– Vietnam
– Haiti
Internal Migration
• Urban to Suburban –
(counterurbanization)
• Or Rural to Urban
Immigration Restrictions
• 1920’s Quota Laws and National Origins
Act – 2% of number already here
• Immigration Act of 1965 – hemisphere
quotas
• 1978 global quota
• Preferences for family sponsored
immigrants & Skilled workers or
exceptionally talented professionals
Vocab
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Activity space
Forced
Gravity model
Internal migration
Intervening opportunity
Migration patterns
• Intercontinental
• Interregional
• Rural-urban
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Migratory movement
Periodic movement
Personal space
Place utility
Space-time prism
Step migration
Transhumance
Transmigration
Voluntary