Transcript Palethwe Hybrid Rice

Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation
Department of Agriculture
Current Activities on Hybird Rice
Production in Myanmar
Myanmar Delegates
Department of Agriculture
2014 July
Three Main Tasks of Ministry of Agriculture
and Irrigation (MOAI)
 Seed Production
 Training and Education
 Research and Development
The country’s paddy production and surplus
condition (2011-12)
Particular
1. Sown acre
2. Production
3. Population
- Rural population
- Urban population
4. Consumption
5. Seed stored for next planting
season
6. Losses
7. Total utilization (4+5+6)
8. Surplus
- Based on consumption 2/4
- Based on total utilization 2/7
Unit
,000 acre
, 000 basket
, 000 ton
In thousand
In thousand
In thousand
, 000 basket
, 000 basket
Production, Consumption
and Total Utilization
18761
1390346
29005
60438
41898
18540
850950
37522
, 000 basket
, 000 basket
%
%
56283
944755
163 %
147 %
Paddy sown area and productivity
Year
Sown area Harvested
Yield
(,000 ha) area (000 ha) (MT/ha)
Production
(,000 MT)
1995-96
6,138
6,033
3.08
18,580
2000-01
6,359
6,302
3.38
21,324
2005-06
7,389
7,384
3.75
27,683
2009-10
8,067
8,058
4.06
32,681
2010-11
8,047
8,011
4.07
32.579
2011-12
7,593
7,567
3.83
29,010
2012-13
7,241
7,208
3.84
27,704
Source: Myanmar Agriculture in Brief 2013, MOAI.
Overview of Hybrid Rice Production in the World
Hybrid Rice in Asia
Country
Bangladesh
Hybrid rice growing
area (000 ha)
% of total rice growing
area
300
2.7
China
15800
53.4
India
1100
2.5
Indonesia
135
1.1
Malaysia
1
0.2
Myanmar
1.3
0.2
Pakistan
61
2.4
Philippines
208
4.9
Vietnam
600
8.2
18216
13.2
Asia
Current Situation of Hybrid Rice Production in
Myanmar
Objectives of Hybrid Rice Production in
Myanmar
 To get more income to the farmers by cultivating of hybrid rice
 To emerge hybrid rice seed companies by transferring hybrid
rice seed production technologies to the farmers and agricultural
companies.
 To get hybrid rice seed with cheap price by producing hybrid
rice seed in domestic.
Two Commercial Systems for Hybrid Rice
System of Hybrid rice seed porduction in Myanmar
Myanmar currently use three-line (A, B, R
line) hybrid rice seed production system.
Requirements for 3 Lines in CMS System
 A-line (Cytoplasmic male sterile Line)
Stable Sterility
 Well developed floral traits for outcrossing
 Easily, wide-spectum, & strongly to be restored
 B-line (Maintainer Line)
 Well developed floral traits with large pollen load
 Good combining ability
 R-line (Restorer Line)
 Strong restore ability
 Good combining ability
 Taller than A-line
 Large pollen load, normal flowering traits and
timing

Hybrid rice seed production in Shwe Taung Farm
Hybrid rice (Palethwe) seed production in 2011-2012 (rainy season)
Sr
Location
1. Shwe Taung Farm
2. Yezin Agricultural University
Total
Sown Area (acre)
100
100
200
Hybrid rice (Palethwe) seed production in 2011-2012 (summer season)
Sr
Location
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Shwe Taung Farm
Yezin Agricultural University
Yangon Region (Companies)
Mon (Mudon & Thathone)
Kayin (Hlaingbwet)
Ayeyarwaddy region (Kangyidaunt)
Total
Sown Area (acre)
200
100
500
25
25
3
853
Hybrid rice (Palethwe) seed production in 2012-2013 (rainy season)
Sr
Location
Sown Area
(acre)
Production
(Kg)
1.
Shwe Taung Farm
300
184800
2.
Yezin Agricultural University
70
52100
3.
Kachin State ( Wine Maw)
10
8300
4.
Sagaing Region (Watlatt , MyinMu)
50
49888
5.
Bago Region (Pwe Pyayt Farm)
90
65950
6.
Magway Region(Pwint Phyu Seed Farm)
25
22351
7.
Mandalay Region (Patheingyi,Myit Thar)
50
38800
8.
Yangon Region (Companies)
45
4719
Total
640
426908
Hybrid rice (Palethwe) seed production in 2012-2013 (summer season)
Sr.
Location
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Nay Pyi Taw
Yezin Agricultural University
CETC (100 days hybrid rice)
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Kayin (Hlaingbwet)
Bago (Oattwin)
Mandalay
Shwe Taung Farm
Myittha
Mon State
Thathone
Mudone
Rakhine State (Sittwe, Kyauktaw)
Yangon (Hmawbe Farm and Companies)
Ayeyarwaddy (Pathein, Kangyidaunt,
Kyankhinn, Pyapone)
Sown Area
(acre)
55
35
20
50
20
460
450
10
20
10
10
10
541
40
Production
(Kg)
20106
24410
14379
10930
4410
2550
1860
3698
400486
24254
Hybrid rice (Palethwe) seed production in 2013-2014 (rainy season)
Sr.
Location
Sown Area
(acre)
20
Production
(Kg)
18709
500
430
314545
33837.1
1.
Magway Region
2.
Mandalay Region
Shwe Taung Farm
3.
Pathein Gyi
40
4.
Myittha
24
5.
Sintkai
30
35603.15
Southern Shan State (Taungyi,
Loilin,Linkhae)
Northern Shan State (Lashio, Kyaukme,
Muse, Kwanlon, Loatkai)
Total
32
27000
12
10480
552
429694.25
6.
7.
Hybrid rice (Palethwe) seed production in 2013-2014 (Summer season)
Sr.
Location
1.
2.
Nay Pyi Taw
Bago
Mandalay
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Shwe Taung
Great Wall Co., Ltd
Yangon Region (Hmawbe Farm)
Southern Shan State
Northern Shan State
Eastern Shan State
Ayeyarwaddy Region
Total
Sown Area
(acre)
200
30
500
100
400
20
31
3
5
20
810
Production
(Kg)
Hybrid rice seed
production in
Ayeyarwaddy region
Hybrid rice seed
production in Yangon
region
Hybrid rice production in Kayin State
Seed Distribution
Using Palethwe Hybrid rice (F1)seed (86564)kg
produced in 2011-12 (rainy), (2443)farmers who
are interested to cultivate Palethwe Hybrid rice
from States and Regions could cultivated (7527)
acres.
Using Palethwe Hybrid rice (F1)seed (95167)kg
and Basmati Hybrid rice seed (983)kg produced
in 2011-12 (summer), (38513)farmers who are
interested to cultivate Palethwe Hybrid rice from
States and Regions could cultivated (29595)
acres.
Palethwe Hybrid Rice Production in Wetlet Township (Sagaing Region)
Palethwe Hybrid rice seed production in Myinmu Township (Sagaing Region)
Palethwe Hybrid rice production in Myittha Township (Mandalay Region)
Hybrid rice (F1) Cultivation
Year
2011-12 (Summer)
Sown Area
(ha)
Yield
Production
(mt/ha)
( MT)
3046
6.13
23061
2012-13 (Rainy)
12618
5.16
78314
2012-13 (Summer)
11925
7.31
87124
2013-14 (Rainy)
17110
6.18
23.14
2013-14 (Summer)
17805
-
-
Increased in Yield/Acre
 270 Baskets/acre in Nyaung Shwe Township in 2012-13
 247 Baskets/acre in Patheingyi Township in 2012-13
 230 Baskets/acre in Watlet Township in 2012-13
 Average 140-150 Baskets/acre
 Yield 2-3 times higher than other high yielding varieties
Palethwe Hybrid Rice (F1)
Cultivation in Laeway
Township, Nay Pyi Taw
Palethwe Hybrid Rice (F1) Cultivation in PyinmanaTownship, Nay Pyi Taw
Technology applied in hybrid rice production
1) Choice of Areas and Growing Season for Seed Production:
 The areas of seed production should be chosen so as to provide
the best possible conditions at flowering and the pollen shedding
period.
 The most suitable condition are, 24-28 °C day light average
temperature, the relative humidity 70-80 percent , the temperature
difference between day and night 8-10 °C and good sunshine.
 An average day temperature of more than 30 °C or less than
23°C, continuous rains, or strong wind are generally harmful to
flowering, pollination and cross- fertilization.
Technology applied in hybrid rice production
2) Selection of Seed Fields:
 The selection of prime field plots is necessary.
 The seed fields should be free of volunteer plants, well levelled,
should have fertile soil with good physical and chemical
characteristics and well drained.
3) Isolation:
 The hybrid paddy fields should be isolated from the other paddy
fields, including commercial hybrid of same variety, and same
hybrid not conforming to varietal purity requirements for
certification at least by 200 meters for foundation seed class
( A,B and R line Production) and by 100 meters for hybrid seed
production ( AX R production).
Technology applied in hybrid rice production
4) Brief Cultural Practices for hybrid (AXR) Production Nursery:
 Raising of vigorous seedlings is an important factor for obtaining
high seed yields.
 The root system of vigorous seedlings are flourishing, leaf sheaths
have high carbon content and all this contributes to produce green
growth and tillering at the lower nodes so that more dry matter is
accumulated, leading to more panicles and a high seed setting rate
per panicle.
 It has been observed that tillering at the lower nodes gives more and
bigger panicles which helps to achieve the goal of 100 kernels per
ear.
 Prepare the seedling bed with basal manure. Seed at 22.2 kg/ha for
the female parent and 5 kg/ha for the male parent.
Technology applied in hybrid rice production
5) Sowing Time:
 The proper sowing time is dictated by the number of days required
from sowing time to panicle formation.
 The sowing should be so adjusted that the crop comes to panicle stage
soon after the end of high temperature period.
6) Transplanting:
 Seedlings with healthy tillers are the basis for increased panicle size.
For hybrid seed production, the seedlings of both parents should be
standardized.
 Seedlings of the male parent for short duration varieties should be 2030 days old with 5.5-7 leaves and 2-3 tillers.
7) Planting Ratio:
 The ratio of female and male lines is generally kept at 2:10-12, and row
spacing 10X10 inches for male parent and 6X6 inches for female
parent.
Technology applied in hybrid rice production
8) Row Difference:
 Both parents should receive good aeration and equal amounts of
sunlight.
 Row direction should be nearly perpendicular to prevailing winds
at flowering to ensure more cross-pollination.
 9) Fertilization:
 Adequate fertilization in necessary. In general a seed field with
moderate fertility should be treated with 200 kg N, 50 kg P, and
150 kg K per ha, 90 percent applied as a basal dose and 10
percent after panicle differentiation.
Technology applied in hybrid rice production
10) Water Management:
 Good water management is very important for regulating water,
fertilizer, air and temperature of soil.
 Give shallow irrigation at the transplanting and tillering stages.
In soils where water permeability is poor the field must not be
allowed to remain under water for too long so that root growth
could be drained the booting stage.
 During heading, if the air temperature is above 35 °C , water
should be applied during the day and drained – off at night so as
too decrease soil temperature.
Technology applied in hybrid rice production
11) Synchronization of Flowering :
 Synchronizing the flowering of both parents is the key to
increased yields.
 Technical measures such as staggering seedling dates of the male
and females parents, sowing the male parents three times to
extend the time pollen is available , and predicting and adjusting
flowering dates may be adopted.
 Actual practices would have to be standardized for each hybrid
and the locations selected for the hybrid seed production.
Ways to Synchronization of flowering
(1) Growth Duration Method
(2) Leaf Number Method
(3) Effective Accumulated Temperature for
Synchronization
Procedures to be cured for Synchronization
of Hybrid Rice Seed Production
 Seeding by adjusting the day of A and R seeding based on






flowering period.
To cover the A line flowering date by seeding the R line (2)
to (3) times separately.
Irrigation and drainage to A and R synchronize.
By applying urea fertilizer to A line to late flowering stage of
A.
By applying potash and Triple-super phosphate for early
flowering stage.
By using ‘hormone’ for early and late flowering.
Checking the heading stage and growth stage and then
adjusting the needs.
Methods of Improving Seed Setting
Supplementary Pollination ( Rope Pulling) :
 On calm days during anthesis, supplementary pollination can be
carried out.
 Panicles of the restorer lines are shaken by pulling a long nylon
rope ( 5mm diameter) back and forth every 30 minutes until no
pollen remains on the restore line.
 This method if often used on even topography and regularly
shaped plots.
 In hilly , uneven topography with small, irregular plots, a bamboo
pole may be used.
Supplementary Pollination ( Rope Pulling)
Sky view of hybrid rice seed production in Shwe
Taung Farm
Methods of Improving Seed Setting
Leaf Clipping
 Leaves taller than the panicles are the main obstacles to cross
pollination.
 Clipping leaves 1-2 days before initial heading increases the
probability of pollination and out crossing rate.
 The blade of flag leaf is cut back ½ to 1/3 from the top. GA3
spray.
 Spraying seed parent with 75 gm GA3/ha 60 ppm or more 2 or 3
times increases panicle exertion and help increased seed setting.
Methods of Improving Seed Setting
Roughing:
 The seed field should be free of roughes.
 Remove off- type plants in both the parents first before the
onset off flowering stage and then soon after emergence of
the panicle.
 Rough out the plants of maintainer line, if any and the
semi-sterile plants in the seed parent as often as necessary.
Harvesting of Seed Crop:
 Harvest male rows first to avoid chances of mechanical
admixture.
Constraints in Hybrid Rice Seed Productions
 Environmental and Climate Change
 Land Leveling
 Buying and selecting of Hormones
 Pests, Diseases, rats and birds
 Investment
in hybrid rice production and infrastructural
improvement
 Further enhancement of participation of private sector
Strength and weak points if hybrid rice production in
Myanmar
Strength
 Diverse agro-ecological conditions and rich bio-diversity
 Rich land and water resources
 Large skilled work force with relatively low wages
 (4) production seasons of skilled staffs trained in Shwe Taung
Farm can share hybrid rice seed production to State and Region.
Strength and weak points of hybrid rice production in
Myanmar
Weakness
 Comprehensive agricultural productivity and producers’ welfare policies
still lacking.
 Weak research and development institutions and services on hybrid rice
production
 Under- development in inefficient rural financial institutions and services
 Breeders, hybrid rice seed production specialists and seed technologists
(degree, non-degree training)
 Seed technicians/inspectors
 Availability and access (quantity)
 Seed network (Producers to buyers)
 Price (affordability)
 Market presence (Seed store)
Future plan to develop hybrid rice production in Myanmar
 Significant increase in investments on research and development




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


capacity skills enhancement, hybrid rice seed industry facilities and
infrastructure.
Reduction of the gap between real and potential productivity of hybrid
rice in considering to sustain environment.
Extension of public and private sector participation for environmentally
friendly agriculture production ways and means.
Proven technology for hybrid rice seed production and development.
Development of research works on hybrid rice production.
Capacity building activities and human resource development for key
staff
Development of Seed processing plants for hybrid rice production.
Provision of updated information through multimedia
Collaboration with NGO, INGO and other institutions
Conclusion
 Hybrid rice production program has been carried out both public and
private sectors.
 To supply rice for increasing population, the requirement of paddy
production is 41 million metric tons. The paddy yield needs to reach
5.15 metric ton per hectare.
 To meet the above mentioned requirements, the Government tried to
increase the rice production with two categories, paddy sown area
expansion and increase in rice yield per acre by hybridization.
 To develop adequate marketing systems of hybrid rice that will create
satisfactory hybrid rice seed demand and adequate and timely supply of
the required range of varieties of desired quality, at reasonable prices
and at locations accessible to farmers.
Thanks for your
kind attention