Transcript copy of advanced placement human geography

Advanced Placement
Human Geography
The Exam
• Graded on a scale of 1-5
o 1 = no recommendation
o 2 = possibly qualified
o 3 = qualified
o 4 = well qualified
o 5 = extremely well qualified
• College credit - depends on the college/university
http://collegesearch.collegeboard.com/apcreditpolicy/index.jsp
• The Test:
o 60 minute, 75 question Multiple Choice
o 75 minute 3 Free Response Questions
• Friday, May 17th in the morning (nationwide)
o
The Course - Outline
Unit I - Geography: Its Nature and Perspectives (5-10%)
Unit II - Population (13-17%)
Unit III - Cultural Patterns and Processes (13-17%)
Unit IV - Political Organization of Space (13-17%)
Unit V - Agriculture and Rural Land Use (13-17%)
Unit VI - Industrialization and Economic Development (13-17%)
Unit VII - Cities and Urban Land Use (13-17%)
The Basics
• You will not be asked to label a map BUT you are expected to
know where countries are, what their culture is like, what issues
they present, etc.
• Practice - Online Map Quiz:
http://www.funbrain.com/where/
• You will be asked to interpret maps on both MC/FRQ:
http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2008/08/04/sports/olympics/2008
0804_MEDALCOUNT_MAP.html
FRQ: Parts of a Question
Define:
Basic Definition
Identify: Name it!
Describe: Identify + one true statement
Explain:
Describe + Tell How and Why
Practice - Where do we stand?
1. As an academic discipline, geography is principally concerned with the
(a) nature and meaning of place names
(b) impact of the environment on human understandings and activities
(c) evolving character and spatial organization of Ear th’s sur face
(d) absolute location of places, peoples, and processes on Earth’s surface
(e) construction of maps that depict places, peoples, and processes as
accurately as possible
2. Thomas Malthus based his work on population on which of the following
premises?
(a) Both food production and population increase arithmetically .
(b) Food production increases arithmetically and population increases
exponentially .
(c) Both food production and population increase exponentially .
(d) Food production increases exponentially and population increases
arithmetically .
(e) Food production increases arithmetically and population remains
stable .
Practice, cont.
3. Of the following, which region contains the smallest percentage of the world’s
population?
(a) The Southern Hemisphere
(b) The Northern Hemisphere
(c) The Eastern Hemisphere
(d) Coastal areas of the world within 160 kilometers (100 miles) of ocean
(e) Areas of the world lying lower than 150 meters (500 feet) above sea
level
4. In 2005 the United States and Canada had a higher crude death
rate than Mexico because they
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
are larger countries
received more immigrants
had more elderly people
had a higher standard of living
spent more on health care
Practice, cont.
5. Place names that refer to saints are most common in which of the following
North American regions?
(a) Louisiana and New England
• (b) California and British Columbia
• (c) Ontario and Utah
• (d) Nova Scotia and the United States Midwest
• (e) Quebec and the United States Southwest
Unit One
Vocabulary Review: http://quizlet.com/58043/the-cultural-landscapean-introduction-to-human-geography-chapter-1-key-terms-flashcards/
Main Ideas
• Greek origins - geo = Earth, graphy = to write
• 5 themes of geography make each place unique and then tie them
together (in regions)
• Romans saw cartography as an art, not a science. Islamic scholars
identified features on Earth's surface, Marco Polo reintroduced
discovery of outside world, then sparked colonialism/trade
development.
• Three types of regions: formal, functional, vernacular
• Three main aspects of distribution: density, concentration,
patterns.
Unit One
Regions:
- Formal
- Functional
* Distance Decay
- Vernacular (Perceptual)
Concentration:
- Clustered
- Dispersed
Vernacular Region
Unit One
Distribution:
- Density:
- Arithmetic
- Physiological
- Agricultural
Location:
- absolute
- relative
Spatial Interaction: How do places interact?
- Time-Space Compression
*Watch the animated map and identify as many concepts of
Human geography as you can
Unit One
Four Aspects of a Geographic Point:
- Site
- Situation
- Place Name (Toponym)
- Mathematical Location
Diffusion:
- Relocation
- Expansion:
- Hierarchical
- Contagious
- Stimulus
Famous (and peculiar?) Toponyms
1. Ah! Wilderness CO
2. Aloha OR
3. Bell Buckle TN
4. Black Cat DE
5. Blue Eyes AR
6. Red Eye VA
7. Nameless TN
8. No Name CO
9. Nothing AZ
10.Purgatory CO
11.Peculiar MO
12.Resume Speed TX
13.Total Wreck AZ
14.Tranquility CA
15.You Bet CA
16.Ding Dong TX (located in Bell County)
17.96 SC
18.What Cheer? IA (the only U. S. town that's questionable)
19.Agawam MA 01001 (the lowest zip code in the U. S.)
20.Santa Claus, North Pole, Canada HOHOHO (not a town, but a postal location)
Unit One
Globalization versus Local Diversity
More Developed Countries (MDC)
Less Developed Countries (LDC)
Unit Two - Population and Migration
Vocabulary Review: http://quizlet.com/68255/the-cultural-landscapean-introduction-to-human-geography-chapter-2-key-terms-flashcards/
Main Ideas
• Demographic Transition Model is a tool geographers use to
categorize countries' population growth rates and economic
structures. The model analyzes crude birth rates, crude death rates,
and total population trends in a society at a given point of time.
Once a country moves into the next stage of the model, it cannot
go back.
Unit Two - Population and Migration
• British economist Thomas Malthus coined the term
overpopulation in the late 1700s. Malthus suggested that the
world's population was growing faster than the rate of food
production, and as a result, mass starvation would occur. Malthus
was correct in his assumption about world population increase but
was incorrect in his assessment of agriculture's inability to produce
sufficient food.
• The world's population is growing exponentially. Most of the
growth is occurring in developing countries. More developed
countries are either at or near zero population growth. Some
Eastern European countries are losing population.
Unit Two - Population and Migration
• Population Pyramids show the age and sex demographics of a
particular country, city, or neighborhood. Inverted pyramids
indicate a large percentage of elderly persons in the community. A
large base indicates a lot of children in the society and could
indicate a less developed country.
• There are three primary push and pull factors: economic, political,
and environmental. Each of these reasons has caused millions of
people to move.
• Refugees voluntarily leave an area for fear of death or persecution.
Forced migrants are forced by the government to move. Forced
migrants can suffer the same fate as refugees if they do not obey
the government mandate for them to relocate.
Unit Two
Demography:
• crude birth rate
• crude death rate
Ecumene:
• Where can people not live? (5 main areas)
Population Clusters:
• Four main concentrations of population
Unit Two
Crude Birth Rate:
Unit Two
Infant Mortality Rate
- what is it?
- what factors contribute?
Total Fertility Rate
- what is it?
- what factors contribute?
Life Expectancy
- what is it?
- what factors contribute?
Unit Two
Wealth and Health - the connection.
Unit Two
Thomas Malthus:
• population grows exponentially
• food production is linear
o therefore:
 2 units of food, 2 people
 3 units of food, 4 people
 4 units of food, 8 people
 5 units of food, 16 people
• Predicted overpopulation - starvation, population checks
• Why was he wrong?
• Neo-Malthusians believe...
Unit Two
Demographic Transition Model:
Stage One Stage Two *S Curve
Stage Three Stage Four Stage Five?
Unit Two
Unit Two
Population Pyramids:
• Age/Sex Cohorts
• Sex Ratio
• Dependency Ratio
Epidemiological Transition
Stage One:
Stage Two:
Stage Three:
Stage Four:
Stage Five:
www.aphuman.weebly.com
Unit Two - Migration
Migration = movement of people
• emigration
• immigration
• net migration
Push/Pull Factors:
• Economic
• Political
• Environmental
Ravenstein's Laws of Migration
Unit Two - Migration
Types of Migration
• International
• Intercontinental
• Internal
o Interregional
o Intraregional
Rural to Urban Migration
Urban to Suburban Migration
Cyclic Migration
Ancestry by Immigration
Unit Two - Migration
Patterns of Migration:
• Chain Migration
• Distance Decay
• Core Periphery
Free Response Work
2. In 1798 Thomas Robert Malthus published An Essay on the
Principle of Population in which he argued that population
growth will inevitably outpace food production, resulting in
widespread famine.
1. Identify and explain TWO reasons why some geographers
today believe Malthus’ theory can be used to predict future
population issues.
2. Identify and explain TWO reasons why some geographers
today believe Malthus’ theory cannot be used to predict future
population issues.
Resources
• Links to a lot of websites: http://www.politicaleconomy.net/human_geography/web-09.htm
• Martin's AP Human Geography
site: http://www.martinsaphug.com/
o Vocabulary: http://www.martinsaphug.com/learn/vocabulary/
o "The Motherload" chapter
summaries:
http://www.martinsaphug.com/2011/05/quickexam-review-vocabulary-practice-test-links/
• Another list of
links: http://www.martinsclass.com/aphug/links/student-links/
• Study Stack: http://www.studystack.com/APHumanGeography
• Quizlet: http://quizlet.com/subject/ap-human-geography/