Transcript Map and Graph Skills

Map and Geographic
Skills
Unit 1
Unit 1 Vocabulary—Map and Graph Skills
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Absolute location
atlas
bar graph
cardinal directions
cartographer
circle graphs
climographs
compass rose
density
distortion
Equator
Mercator Projection
intermediate directions
latitude
legend (key)
line graph
longitude
orientation Physical map
Polar projection
political map
relief
population maps
scale
primary resource
map
Prime Meridian
globe
relative location
Robinson Projection
Scale
• Shows the ratio between
a unit of length on a map
and a unit of distance on
the earth
Lines of latitude
• Imaginary lines that
measure distance north
and south of the equator
Lines of Longitude
• Imaginary lines that
measure distance east
and west of the Prime
Meridian
Relative Location
• Describes a place in
comparison to other
places around it
Orientation
• Direction -- usually
shown on a map using a
compass rose or
directional indicator
Sources of geographic
information
• Geographic Information
Systems (GIS), field work,
satellite images, photographs,
maps, globes, data bases,
primary sources
Mental Maps
• Help people carry out daily
activities (ex. Route to
school or the store)
• give directions to others
• understand world events
4 ways mental maps can be
developed and refined
• Compare sketched maps to
more formal maps such as
those in an atlas or book
• Describe the location of
places in terms of reference
points (the equator or Prime
Meridian
4 ways mental maps can be
developed and refined cont.
• Can describe the location
of places in terms of
geographic features and
land forms (ex. West of the
Mississippi River, or north
of the Gulf of Mexico)
4 ways mental maps can be
developed and refined cont.
• Describing the location of
places in terms of the
human characteristics of a
place ( ex: languages, types
of housing dress, recreation,
customs or traditions
What are the standard methods
of showing information on a
map
• Symbols
• Colors
• Lines
• Boundaries
• Contours
Thematic Maps
• Thematic maps show a
theme or a particular idea.
There are many different
types.
Types of Thematic maps
• Population density
• population distribution
• economic activity
• resources
• languages
• ethnicity
Types of Thematic maps cont.
• Climate
• precipitation
• vegetation
• physical
• political
Ways map can show change
• Changes in Knowledge
–Map of Columbus’s time
–Satellite images
• changes in Place Names
–Formosa, Taiwan, Republic of
China
–Palestine, Israel, Occupied
Ways map can show change cont.
• changes in Boundaries
–Africa in the 1910s and in
the 1990s
–Europe before WWII and
after WWII and since 1990
Ways map can show change cont.
• Changes in perspectives of
place names--Arabian Gulf v.
Persian Gulf
–Sea of Japan v. East Sea
–Middle East v. North Africa and
Southwest Asia
Ways map can show change cont.
• Changes in Disputed areas-Korea
–Western Sahara
–Former Yugoslavia
–Kashmir
Map Projections
• Three types of map projections
–Mercator
–Polar
–Robinson
• All three types have
distortion
Map Projections cont.
• You can distort area, shape,
distance and direction
• A Mercator projection is best
used for ship navigation
because of the nice straight
lines
Mercator projection
• Nice Straight lines
Map Projections cont.
• A Polar projection is best used
in airplane navigation. It is
easy to plot the Great Circle
Routes used to fly long
distances
• A Robinson projection is best
used for data representation.
Most of the maps in textbooks
are Robinson projections
Robinson Projection
• Latitude lines are straight. Longitude lines
are curved.
Pie Chart
• Used to
show parts
of a whole
or
percentages
Bar graph
• Used to
show items
East
in
relation
to
West
North
others
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1st 2nd 3rd 4th
Qtr Qtr Qtr Qtr
Line Graph
• Used to
show loss or
gain or
information
over several
time frames
Population Pyramid
• Shows the
population of a
country or region.
Allows you to
break into male
and female and
by age groups
Climograph
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
• J F M
A M J J
A S
• Shows precipitation and
temperature averages over a
one year period
Practical applications of Geography
• Recycling programs
• conversion of land
• airport expansion
• bicycle paths
• water sources
• air quality
• mass transit