Transcript Chapter 3

Why do people migrate within a
country?


In the past people
migrated from one
region of a country to
another for better
farmland
Today principal of
interregional
migration is from rural
areas to urban areas.
Migration between regions of a
country

U.S.

Opening of American
West changed the center
of population


Example of large-scale
internal migration
Movement from:





Eastern seaboard
Early settlement of the
interior
Migration to California/
Oregon
Migration to the Great Plain
recent growth of the south.
Historical Internal Migration : U.S.

1st wave
 Westward settlement
 Manifest destiny
 From Eastern seaboard to
West Coast
 Rural-to-urban
 Industrialization cause
 New jobs

2nd wave
 1940s- 1970s
 African-Americans migrating
from rural south
 To cities in South, North,
and West
 Mechanization of cotton
 Defense jobs (WWI, WWII)

3rd wave
 Cold War jobs
 Emergence of Sunbelt
 West/ Mid-west growth too
 Economic opportunity
 Air conditioning
 Cheap land
Changing Center of Population


Center is the average
location of everyone in
the country
Point where distribution
causes the flat plane to
balance on the pin



Loudoun county “mean”
center of U.S. in 1810
Didn’t move out of VA
until 1860 (Ohio)
Today the “center” is in
Missouri

Since 1980
Migration between regions in other
countries

Russia:

Interregional migration
important to supporting
the Soviet Union




Rich in natural resources
45% land mass
2% of population
Incentives


People needed to be
located near resources.
Forced migration to
Siberia



Offered higher wages, paid
holidays, early retirement
Didn’t work
Collapse of Soviet Union
ended encouragement of
interregional migration.
Brazil

Encourages
interregional
migration



Most live in large cities
along coastline
World’s two largest
cities
Brazil tried to attract
people to interior of
country by building a
new capital, Brasilia
in 1960

Pull factors such a
improved housing
and job availability

Couldn’t afford
housing
Indonesia

1969


government has paid
for the migration of 5
million people from the
Java to less populated
islands.
Receive:




One way air ticket
5 acres of land
Materials to build
house
Year’s worth of rice
Europe

Principle flow of
interregional migration
in Europe



from east/south
to west/north
Reflects low incomes
and bleak jobs
prospects

Happens within
individual countries


Britain
Italy
India

Governments
sometimes limit the
ability of people to
migrate from one region
to another

India requires a permit
for Indians to migrate
within regions in their
country


State of Assam
Restrictions date from
British Occupancy

Designed to protect
the ethnic identity of
Assamese by limiting
the ability of outsiders
to compete for jobs
and purchase land.
Migration within one region

Intraregional

Worldwide most
prominent trend is
movement from cities
to suburbs
Migration from Rural to Urban
Areas

Began in 1800s


Industrial Revolution
United States urban pop




1800 – 5%
1920 – 50%
Today 3/4ths of people
in U.S. and other
MDCs live in cities
Urbanization now
diffusing to LDCs

Especially Asia

Most rural to Urban
migrants are moving
for economic
opportunities
Migration from Urban to Suburban
Areas

Developed countries


migration is from cities to
suburbs
Not related to
employment but change
in lifestyle


yard with fence
Better schools, safer
neighborhoods

To accommodate, farms on
periphery of cities
converted to
neighborhoods
Migration from Metropolitan areas to
Nonmetropolitan areas

migration from urban
to rural areas


Late 20th century a new
trend started
Counterurbanization:


Net migration from urban
to rural areas
Resulted from very rapid
expansion of suburbs
 Migration/ rural areas

Pull factors: less
hectic life


New technology
allows people to stay
connected
Many are retired
Future Trends???