Transcript State Hydrological Institute, Russia

Available in-situ data
over the Volga-1 subbasin
State Hydrological Institute,
St. Petersburg, Russia
Available data and periods
• Landscapes dynamics – from 1950 to 1995(98)
for every 2 to 5 years
• Evaporation for a warm period – from 1960 to
1985(1992):
– Pan evaporation – for every month
– Actual evaporation – for every 10 days
• Precipitation – from 1960 to 1985 for every 10
days (4-9 months)
• Soil moisture – for om 1970 to 2000 for every 10
days (4-9 months) and for every month during a
cold period
• Snow cover characteristics – from 1960 to 1990
for every month and every 5 days during snow
melting period
Volga-1 sub-basin’s location
Land-use changes over the
Volga-1 sub-basin
(18 regions)
• The following
data are available
for every region
• Area of
agricultural land.
• Area of arable
land (cropland).
350
1400
300
1200
250
1000
200
800
150
600
100
400
50
200
0
1940
Agro_land
Open water surface, Hectars
• Area of swamps
and wetlands
Agricultural and forested land,
Hectars (thou ha / 100)
• Area covered with
the forest.
Sub-basin "Volga - 1"
0
1950
1960
Arable land
1970
Conif.forest
1980
1990
Decid.forest
Data on forested area includes as well data for coniferous
and deciduous forests separately
2000
Open water
Evaporation data over
European territory of Russia
• Data on pan evaporation
and actual evaporation
are available for the
whole territory of the
Great European Plane
• Over the Volga-1 sub-
basin pan evaporation or
actual evaporation data
are available for 20
stations
• For 6 stations parallel
observations on both
types of evaporation are
available
Pan evaporation data can be considered as an estimate of
potential evaporation.
Actual evaporation data can be considered as regional
characteristic of concrete conditions of the humidity regime.
Evaporation changes over
the Great European Plane
Taiga
450
400
400
350
350
300
300
250
Pan evaporation, mm
450
Actual evaporation, mm
500
1965
1969
1973
northwards of 58 N
1977
1981
1985
620
650
580
600
540
550
500
500
460
450
420
400
380
350
340
300
1965
1989
southwards of 58 N
700
300
250
1969
1973
northwards of 54 N
soil
1977
1981
1985
southwards of 54 N
1989
soil
700
650
600
550
500
450
400
350
300
600
550
500
450
400
350
300
250
200
1965
1969
1973
pan evaporation
1977
1981
1985
Actual evaporation, mm
Forest-steppe zone
Pan evaporation, mm
Pan evaporation, mm
500
Actual evaporation, mm
Forest zone
1989
actual evaporation
Volga-1 sub-basin occupies a large part of the Plane and
changes over its territory are important for the forming of
evaporation regime in these zones
Additional available data
• Over the Volga-1 subbasin the following
data are also
available:
• Data on soil moisture
(layers 0-20, 0-50, 0100 cm) for 37
stations
• Data on precipitation
are available for 12
stations
Soil moisture is measure
using so-called “thermostatweight technique”
Precipitation are measured
by “Pit gauge” installed at
the soil surface
Additional available data
• Data on snow cover characteristics includes the
•
•
•
•
following information:
snow cover thickness along snow courses over
different landscapes,
degree of the area covered by snow cover along a
snow course;
snow cover density and
water equivalent of snow cover for different
landscapes,
For the Volga-1 sub-basin these data are available for about
40 stations