Transcript electrical systems in chile

About Chile
CHILE REPORT
Training Course on Biogas Technology for Developing Countries in 2015
by Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture (BIOMA)
By Cristián Sánchez
About Chile
LOCATION AND TERRITORY.
Chilean territory includes the Pacific islands of Juan Fernández, Salas y
Gómez, Desventuradas, and Easter Island in Oceania. Chile also has
1,250,000 square kilometres (480,000 sq mi) of Antarctica.
About Chile
CHILE IN FIGURES
Summary statistics
Region
South America
Surface area (square kilometres)
756102
Population
17,465,000
Official language
Spanish
Demonym
Chilean
Capital city
Santiago
Population of capital city
Religion
6,034,000
66% Catholic,
17% evangelical church
Currency
Chilean Peso (CLP)
Social indicators
Urban population (%)
Sex ratio (males per 100 females)
Life expectancy at birth (females and males, years)
Education: Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (f/m
per 100)
Economic indicators
GNI: Gross national income per capita (current US$)
Exchange rates (national currency per US$)
Individuals using the Internet (%)
2012
2011
2012
89.6
97.9
82.6/77.0
2013
2013
2010-2015
95.3/95.5
2006-2012
14637.7
670
61.4
2012
2012
2012
About Chile
ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS
Chile is divided into 15 regions (I to XV).
The government of Chile is a representative democratic republic,
governed by a president and National Congress consists of the
Senate and the Chamber of Deputies.
Michelle Bachelet
About Chile
GEOGRAPHY
The geography of Chile can be classified into three large areas:
1. In the north of Chile is Atacama
Desert, the aridest place on Earth,
contains great mineral wealth,
primarily copper.
Desert of Atacama
2. In the central area there are valleys, and dominates the country in terms of
population and agricultural resources.
About Chile
GEOGRAPHY
3. The south Chile is rich in forests, volcanoes and lakes. The southern
coast is a labyrinth of fjords, canals, peninsulas, and islands.
Conguillío National Park
A glacier at the Beagle Channel
Osorno Volcano
San Rafael lagoon
About Chile
FLORA
In the northern desert region, vegetation consists of a spiny
acacia tree, varieties of cacti as well as shrubs and spiny
brambles.
Llareta
The semiarid region of central Chile, cacti, espino and algarrobo hardwood, and
Adesmia shrubs are the notable flora. In the humid and temperate region of
central Chile, vegetation is defined by the term matorral.
Copihue (Chilean bellflower),
national flower.
Espino
About Chile
FLORA
In the south, mixed forest and trees are the common vegetation types. More to
the south, the dominant vegetation consists of Antarctic beech, the Chilean
cedar, and the giant alerce (this tree in southern Chile is 3000 years old and is
the "second largest living organism in the world").
Araucaria
Rauli
Giant alerce
About Chile
FAUNA
Some of the mammal species noted are: guanacos (a form of the wild llama), culpeo
(fox) y flamingos (pink coloured in altiplano salt pans).
Culpeo Fox
Guanaco
Some of species reported from Southern Chile are pudú (world's smallest deer), Taruca
or North Andean huemul, national animal, and Patagonian puma also called as
mountain lion or cougar is found throughout Chile.
Pudú
North
Andean
huemul
Patagonian
puma
About Chile
FAUNA
The national bird of Chile is Andean condor, which is in the coat of arms.
About Chile
TOURISM
The main attractions for tourists are places of natural beauty situated in the
extreme zones of the country: San Pedro de Atacama, in the north, the Torres del
Paine National Park, in the south end, and finally, Easter Island in the Pacific Ocean.
San Pedro de Atacama
Torres del Paine National Park
Moai on Easter Island
About Chile
IMPORTANT PEOPLE
Gabriela Mistral
Nobel Prize for literature in 1945
Pablo Neruda
Nobel Prize for literature in 1971
Electric energy
ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS IN CHILE
There are four separate electricity systems in Chile:
The Central Interconnected System (SIC, Sistema
Interconectado Central), which serves the central part of
the country (93% of the population).
The Norte Grande Interconnected System (SING Sistema
Interconectado del Norte Grande), which serves the
desert mining regions in the North.
The Electric system of Aysén (SEA) and Electric system of
Magallanes (SEM), which serve small areas of the
extreme southern part of the country.
Electric energy
INSTALLED CAPACITY
Type of energy
Thermal
Hydroelectric
Renewable energy
Installed capacity, %
60
31
9
Electric energy
ELECTRICAL GENERATION
Type of energy
Thermal
Hydroelectric
Renewable energy
Total
Electrical generation, %
SIC
53
33
14
100
SING
96
0
4
100
Total
64
25
11
100
Electric energy
PROJECTS UNDER CONSTRUCTION, SING
Until June 15, there are a total of 26 power generation projects under
construction. Altogether reach an electrical capacity of 2354 MW, which have
estimated date of entry into operation during June 2015 and June 2018.
Type of energy
Coal
Natural gas
Photovoltaic solar,
Concentrating solar power
Total
Projects under construction
MW
847
517
880
110
2354
%
36
22
37
5
100
Electric energy
PROJECTS UNDER CONSTRUCTION, SIC
In the SIC, until June 15, there are a total of 35 power generation projects under
construction. Altogether reach an electrical capacity of 2831 MW, which have
estimated date of entry into operation during June 2015 and July 2020.
Type of energy
Coal
Natural gas
Diesel
Wind power
Photovoltaic solar
Hydroelectric (pass)
Total
Projects under
construction
MW
%
139
5
306
11
199
7
112
4
960
34
1115
39
2831
100
Electric energy
PROJECTS UNDER CONSTRUCTION, TOTAL
There are a total of 61 power generation projects under construction. Altogether
reach an electrical capacity of 5185 MW.
Electric energy
Chile in 2014 to increase the use of renewable energies, which came to
contribute a 10.9% power to the SIC, significantly outpacing the 7.3% reached
in 2013.
In 2010 was promulgated the law of promotion of the renewable energies,
which establishes that in the year 2025, 20% of the electrical matriz will be
covered by RE.
During last year, the most productive segment of renewable energy was the
biomass, followed by the hydro, wind power and finally solar.
Electric energy
ENERGY EFFICIENCY
The policy of the country is to grow with energy efficiency. In Chile there is a
government agency for energy efficiency, Chilean Agency for Energy Efficiency
(AChEE).
Labelling of electrical products
From December 2015, in Chile will be prohibited
the sale of incandescent light bulb. They will be
replaced in an absolute way by light bulb of low
energy.
Gobierno de Chile | Superintendencia de Electricidad y Combustibles
Biogas
PROJECTS OF BIOGAS
In Chile until the year 2013 there are a total of 62 biogas projects.
Small Facilities: are facilities that are running through mechanisms of
promotion of the state.
Medium-sized facilities: in most cases are to increase the efficiency of the
activity, some of these burn part of the biogas in artorchas.
Large Installations: have been developed as energy projects or
environmental, with foreign technology.
At present there is still no regulations for the design and construction of
biogas installations (small, medium and large), so that in the past two years
the government has been working on a standard for these facilities, which is
in its final stage.
Biogas
Biogas
Biogas
SMALL INSTALLATIONS
MEDIUM INSTALLATIONS
LARGE INSTALLATIONS
LARGE INSTALLATIONS
LARGE INSTALLATIONS