Transcript celebrates Black Sea Day. NGO “MAMA-86” and its

Topical problems of realization of the
“Convention on the protection of the Black Sea
Against Pollution” in Crimea
Mariana Lukianova, Antonina Kovalchuk
Feodosia
In spite of industry decline in Ukraine and decrease of volumes of
industrial contaminators receipts, Black and Azov Seas are still the sea
regions, with biggest anthropogenic influence in Europe.
• According to the data of the Black Sea Transboundary Diagnostic
Analysis, 38.3 tons of oil productions came annually to the sea
aquatoria from the Europe area. It is 66.7 % from total pollution of
the sea by all Black sea coastal countries.
• As the coastal waters pollutes intensively first of all, so at the
present time the question of coastal aquatories protection and sea
environment control stays very sharply.
Ecological, economic and legal conflicts, which exists
now in the process of developing of coastal area of
BlackSea coast.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Coastal zone is the zone of biggest contradictions and most sharp conflict
situations, because of intensive economic developing and recreational
loading.
Particular features of the present time are the next factors, typical for Black
Sea coast:
Chaotic nature of seacoast – aquatic complexes as a result of human
activities;
Lack of strategy of coastal zones advisable use, in consideration of
ecological, economic and social factors;
Contradictions and different readings of thesis of main legislative
acts, as to legal questions of developing and operation in coastal zone;
Lack of unified monitoring and control system over the industrial
activities in the coastal regions;
Lack of stimulus to change environment protection policy, in the
governmental structures, local authorities and businessmen;
Corruption in government and in the control organs of all levels;
Lack of economic and psychological prerequisites to activate the main
mass of population.
Legistlative Laws, Institutions and
Problems in Ukraine
• There are 2 main legislative Laws (the Water Code, the Land Code)
that regulate legal issues in water and land management in Ukraine
and provide legal provisions for coastal area management as well. It
is provisioned in these Laws that the water protective zones have to
be established along all water bodies in Ukraine. Within the water
protective zones along the sea coast a 2 km coastal protective
stripes are established in order to protect the nature of the sea. Its
legal regime is more stringent than that of the remaining part of the
water protected zones. The marine part of special nature protection
or special management is not established at the legislative level in
Ukraine. However the Ministry for the Protection of the Environment
of Ukraine has developed a draft Law “On coastal stripe of the sea”
in 2008, according to which protective seaward and inland zones
should be established. According to Ukrainian legislation this draft
Law is now undergoing the procedure of endorsement with other
Ministries and should be submitted to the Cabinet of the Ministries of
Ukraine at the end of this year.
•
•
•
The main institution that is carrying out environment protection policy in
Ukraine is the Ministry of the Environmental Protection of Ukraine.
State Inspection of Azov Sea, Azov-Black Sea Ecological Inspection and
State inspection of the Protection of the environment of North-Western
region of the Black sea control environmental activities of 100 m inland
territory of Ukraine and internal sea waters, territorial sea, exceptional sea
economic zone and continental shelf.
To protect and improve the ecological condition in the Black and Azov
Seas the State Program of Protection and Rehabilitation of the Azov
and Black Sea has been developed and approved by the Ukrainian
Parliament in 2001. The Program has been running for 10 years and
should be completed at the end of 2010. The Program is coordinated
by the Ministry of the Environmental Protection of Ukraine and
coordination of measures between different stakeholders is carried
out by the Inter-Departmental Commission that holds its meetings
once a year.
•
Region of Black and Azov Seas in Ukraine
•
The region has different economical activities: tourism, agriculture, fishing,
metallurgy and energy production.
Ukraine is very proud that it has the only sea reserve in the Black Sea. . In
2008, by Presidential Decree № 1064 the State botanical sea reserve Filophora Field
Zernov was designated. The total area of this reserve is 4025 km2. It is protected by
the Ukrainian Scientific Center of Sea Ecology under the Ministry for the
Environmental Protection of Ukraine.
The role of Environmental NGO in the protection and rehabilitation of the state
of Black and Azov Seas:
NGO “MAMA-86” has 3 regional organizations in the Black Sea area: “MAMA86-Feodosiya”, “MAMA-86-Sevastopol” and “MAMA-86-Mykolaiv”. These
organizations are quite active in the region, now carrying out projects aiming at
the improving sanitary conditions of the citizens, drinking water quality. Every
year “MAMA-86-Feodosiya” celebrates Black Sea Day. NGO “MAMA-86” and its
regional organizations have a lot of experience and have been involved in a lot
of projects organizing round tables, conferences and workshops for different
stakeholders on different topics about Black Sea.
•
•
•
Problems of ecological safety, connected with draining systems in the
coastal zones.
• Industrial enterprises of Feodosia changed irreversibly Feodosia bay
ecosystem (annually shed 70 tons of phosphorus and 165 tons of
nitrogen).
• Sewage water are most dangerous and have a big volume now.
• All coastal recreational area (114 km along Feodosia bay) haven't
sewage system.
• Central sewage system was built with terrible wrongs, without any
thinking about territory relief. Town sewage system was built on the
90-meter top of the hill over the Feodosia town, powerful pumps are
pumping sewage to the settle-constructions on the 90-meter high, it
takes a lot of electricity and create a dangerous ecological situation.
Also there are 15 pump station in the recreation zones of the town.
• Sewage of water-clearing station flows to the sea by 400-meter
collector, when it have to be 4 000 meters, ten times more. So bay
circulation brings sewage back to the beaches, every year people,
especially children, have infections, which are taken from the sea.
The risk of sea environment pollution in the Black Sea must be minimized,
during the shed of municipal economy sewage( article 6 of “Protocol on
Pollution Control from Land-Based Sources and Activities)
•
•
Central sewage system was built with terrible wrongs, without any thinking about
territory relief. Town sewage system was built on the 90-meter top of the hill over the
Feodosia town, powerful pumps are pumping sewage to the settle-constructions on
the 90-meter high, it takes a lot of electricity and create a dangerous ecological
situation. Also there are 15 pump station in the recreation zones of the town.
Sewage of water-clearing station flows to the sea by 400-meter collector, when it
have to be 4 000 meters, ten times more. So bay circulation brings sewage back to
the beaches, every year people, especially children, have infections, which are taken
from the sea.
Drainage system breaks and sanitary stations have to close the beaches
• Bad condition of the
drainage systems is
the reason of constant
accidents. In summer
2008 sewage flowed to
the bay during 3 days,
because of the broken
sewage pipe over the
Baybuga River.
• Addition to the
accident is the
existence of numerous
pipes from private
houses, they work all
the time, near the
Feodosia beaches.
Ecological, economic and legislative conflicts, which exists now in the process
of Feodosia bay coastal area developing, connected with contradictions and
different readings of thesis of the main legislative acts, as to legal questions of
developing and operation of coastal zone.
•
•
Illegal building process on the
beaches area, concrete
constructions, hotels without
sewage systems, and it all near
water line, 5-10 meters from it.
Barriers along this ex -Golden
Beach “protect” the sea from usual
people. It is also illegal. All this
ugliness makes from the
resolution of town committee
deputies.
Typical thing for all Crimea coast
is connected with of ignoring of
ecological legislation. Control
organs almost do not protests
against such ignoring, and let to
build big private hotels (22
grounds) right on the sends of
Feodosia bay. It is illegal also.
Protocols and declarations about protection of the Black Sea do not
includes possible consequences from some dangerous underwater
heritage.
•
Several times Black Sea brought the
World Second War mines to the coast.
According to the data of the
underwater heritage of Archeological
Ukrainian Institution, there are 468
sunken objects in the Black and Azov
Seas. Most dangerous object now is
the sunken military ship “Jan Jores”,
full of mines and bombs. From the
January 1942 it lays on the 14-meter
depth in the Feodosia bay, only in 800
meters from coast. With tanks full of
fuel (60 tons), it contains military
technique, 120 tons of shells 60 tons
of mines, patrons, air bombs with
weight 50 kg. Unbelievable, but guests
of the town even dive to this ship with
a tourist curiosity. Circulation of
currents in Feodosia bay can rise up
this dangerous heritage of war, and to
bring it on the coast, or make a great
explosion.
In the article 9 of “Convention on the Protection of the Black Sea against Pollution” is
planned “collaboration in fight against pollution in extraordinary situation". In the
appropriate Protocol we have to foresee activities on liquidation of such disasters
consequences. On the level of local authorities it is impossible to decide such a problem..
•
Storm in the Black Sea ( 11 November 2007)
showed, that liquidation of the consequences of
accident in Kerchensky strait near Tuzla, needed
activities, which are still not ended: utilization of 6.7
thousands tons of fuel oil and changing it to the
blend for building industry, to build a roads. But
after one year since the accident, the gathered fuel
oil still not utilized.
Famous history of
water-supplying in
Feodosia (Kaffa)
In Genueses period, when Feodosia
named Kaffa, there was wonderful
system of town water-supplying, from
Tepe-Oba mountain slopes water was
flowing down through the clay pipes, and
clever idea was in next: there was
reservoir in town with holes three levels,
according to the quantity of year water.
Also Kaffa has first in Europe and world
atmospheric moisture condenser, named
Zibold Condenser. We have to keep
traditions of ancient water-supplying
systems , such exposition is the proud of
Feodosia city regional museum, headed
by director Evseev A. A. On the photo –
museum scientific expert Skorobogataya
Helena, with exposition to 100-years
anniversary of Zibold Condenser.
Proposals about solution of conflicts in the process of development of
coastal zone of Crimea seacoast
•
•
•
•
•
To develop strategy of advisable use of coastal zones, taking into account
ecological, economic and social factors;
Regime of coastal recreation zones use have to be connected with
jurisdiction of the central governmental structures; to take out sanitary
coastal zones from the jurisdiction of local authorities, providing free access
of citizens to this recreation resources; to provide regular informing of
Sides-participants of “Convention on the Protection of the Black Sea
Against Pollution”;
To forbid a rent of coastal zones by private sector;
To forbid any building in the coastal 100-meter zone;
To classify existing buildings in 100-meter coastal zone as illegal, to annul
the resolution of local authorities as illegal;
To create unified system of monitoring and control over economic activity in
the coastal regions.
Realization of such proposals will activate population to abide by ecological
and civil rights, it will promote prestige of government.
КОНТАКТЫ:
Feodosia town public ecological
organization “Mama-86-Feodosia”
Our web-site:
www.feomama.narod.ru