Transcript Presentation 2

SELECTED CONDITIONS OF DEVELOPING ENTERPRISING ATTITUDES
AMONG WOMEN IN PERIPHERAL REGIONS
(on the example of Podkarpackie region in Poland)
Presented by: Magdalena Malinowska
Foundation „ERGO SUM”
PODKARPACKIE AS AN EXAMPLE
OF PERIPHERAL REGION
 Peripheral location in relation to political and economical center,
 Low level of economy, education and culture (thus worse living




conditions that in other regions),
Poorly population density and disperse settlement structure
Low level of urbanization
Weak technical and social infrastructure
High unemployment rates
BACKGROUND




Area: 17 890 sq km (5,7% of the country's area)
Population: 2,1 milion (5,5% of the country's population)
Capital: Rzeszow (165 000 inhabitants)
The lowest percentage of urban inhabitants (in Podkarpackie - 41%, in
Poland – 62%)
 The highest natural increase of the population in Poland (Podkarpackie 2,5, Poland – 0,3)
Podkarpackie Province
UKRAINE
SLOVAKIA
REGIONAL LABOUR MARKET





Unfavourable employment structure (majority of people work in
agricultural sector)
The highest rate of long-time unemployed people in Poland
The lowest number of job offers in Poland
High level of registered unemployment and difficult to establish
level of hidden unemployment in rural areas
The lowest level of earnings in Poland
WOMEN ON THE REGIONAL LABOUR MARKET




Decrease of vocational activity of women comparing to
situation before 1989
Employment of women: healthcare, education, finances
Unemployment among women
• Women prevail in unemployed population
• Average unemployment duration of women is longer that
men.
• Unemployed women are better educated that unemployed
men
Because of lack of demand for labour force, women in
Podkarpackie are more often discriminated that in other regions
Women-company owners (GUS, 2007)
 Women account for 35% of total number of
entrepreneurs (in cities 31%)
 Their participation in the total number of employed
women is 15% (men 23%)
SYSTEM OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP SUPPORT







Regional development agencies
Special economic zones
Financial institutions
Chambers of commerce and economic associations
Entrepreneurship support centers
Training and consulting centers
Innovation and technology transfer centers
Characteristics of women-entrepreneurs:
 aged 45 or more (almost 50%, while aged up to 34 years old
– 23%)
 Well educated (56% has at least secondary education and
among women-entrepreneurs – 83%)
 economists, humanists, technician, engineers
 Own commercial and service companies, including services
for business and excluding agriculture (54%)
Why to be an entrepreneur?




Independence, autonomy
Bigger earnings
Professional development, realization of dreams, satisfaction
Negative experiences from working for others – feeling of being
used
 Flexible working time, prestige, possibility to employ other
people, certainty of employment
BARRIERS




Own company means problems, responsibility and stress
Lack of knowledge, qualifications, education, ideas
Risk of bankruptcy and loosing a job
Psychological barriers – lack of predispositions to manage one’s
own company
 Lack of money and funding to establish own company
 Unfavorable conditions to start economic activity in Poland
ENTREPRENEURSHIP ATTITUDES AMONG WOMEN in Podkarpackie



Generally, low level of entrepreneurship attitudes
According to labour market research, level of declared
entrepreneurship attitudes among women is definitely lower that
among men
High rate of training among women
KEY FINDINGS








Unemployment rate in Podkarpackie is higher then in Poland
The lowest level of earnings
Gender inequality on the labour market
Lack of perspective for young people („brain drain” phenomena)
Low level of entrepreneurship
Unfavourable conditions to start economic activity
Important role of women organizations toward promotion of women on
the labour market and entrepreneurship
A chance to succeed provided that:
- System supporting entrepreneurship will be created
- Women will have higher self-esteem
- Further development of women organizations will follow
Why to promote entrepreneurship among women?
 Working for the same company for lifetime is in the past
 There less and less stable jobs in large companies
 Average professional career will consist of several jobs in a
number of employees
 Less job positions in office and administrative work because of
computerization
 More and more possibilities of freelance work and in different
projects
 Self-employment will be more popular