Transcript The Southern Bioenergy Resource

Module 2: The Southern
Bioenergy Resource
Objectives
• Describe the Southern Forest.
• Discuss the demographics and social
conditions of the Southern United States.
Module 2: The Southern Bioenergy Resource
Outline
• The South
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Area
Social Conditions
Economy
Potential
Module 2: The Southern Bioenergy Resource
Outline
• The Southern Forest
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Ownership
Forest Types
Physiography
Climate
Soils
Module 2: The Southern Bioenergy Resource
Area of the South
•13 States
•Alabama
•Arkansas
•Georgia
•Florida
•Kentucky
•Mississippi
•Oklahoma
•Tennessee
•Virginia
•Louisiana
•North Carolina
•South Carolina
•Texas
Module 2: The Southern Bioenergy Resource
Social Conditions
• 95 million people
– Approximately
25% rural
• Rural area
– 60% of counties,
parishes
Source: Economic Research Service, 2004
Module 2: The Southern Bioenergy Resource
Social Conditions
• Median income =
less than average
• High
unemployment
• High poverty
• Less than average
education level
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 1999
Module 2: The Southern Bioenergy Resource
Economy
• Forestry in the South provides:
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$83 billion in output value
60% of US timber supply
1/3 of wood products jobs
6% of Southern jobs are in wood products
Module 2: The Southern Bioenergy Resource
The Southern Forest
• 214 million acres of forest land
– 201 million timberland
– 13 million reserved and other forest land
Module 2: The Southern Bioenergy Resource
Biomass Potential
•Hard to measure
•Dependent on forest characteristics and management
•Not all available biomass is economically recoverable
•Forest Inventory Analysis Data
•http://srsfia2.fs.fed.us/
Module 2: The Southern Bioenergy Resource
Biomass Potential
Forestland
(mil acres)
Alabama
Logging Residues
(mil dry tons)
Processing Residues
(mil dry tons)
Urban Wood Waste
(mil dry tons)
23
2.7
2.05
0.48
Florida
16.5
1.3
0.75
1.68
Georgia
24.7
3.5
2.1
0.92
12
1.2
0.46
0.45
Mississippi
19.8
3.6
1.98
0.31
North Carolina
18.7
2.3
1.57
0.83
South Carolina
12.4
1.6
0.84
0.46
Tennessee
14.4
0.76
0.62
0.61
Virginia
15.8
1.7
0.87
0.81
Arkansas
18.7
2.03
1.63
0.31
Louisiana
13.8
3.01
1.38
0.47
Oklahoma
7.7
0.66
0.25
0.37
11.9
1.4
1.46
2.31
209.4
25.76
15.96
10.01
Kentucky
Texas
Region Total
Table 1. Wood-related biomass sources in the South
Module 2: The Southern Bioenergy Resource
Bioenergy Potential
• IF trees and sawmill residues being used to
produce wood pulp were converted to ethanol
• THEN 6.5 billion gallons of transportation fuel
would be added to the nation’s supply
– This would fuel approximately 11 million vehicles
for 1 year. (Based on average consumption of 600 gallons/year, EIA 2005)
Module 2: The Southern Bioenergy Resource
Bioenergy Potential
• IF the difference between peak harvest (200
million green tons) and the current harvesting
rate (162 million green tons)
• THEN 1.5 billion gallons of ethanol would be
produced
– This would fuel approximately 2.5 million vehicles
for 1 year. (Based on average consumption of 600 gallons/year, EIA 2005)
Module 2: The Southern Bioenergy Resource
Bioenergy Potential
•40 million dry tons of
recoverable logging residues in
the US
•Approximately 20 million dry
tons in the South
•Each Southern state could
produce at least 100 MW of
electricity using logging
residues
Capacity (MW)
Source: Gan and Smith 2006
Operational power/electricity
capacity from logging residues
by state
Module 2: The Southern Bioenergy Resource
300or above(9)
200to 299 (7)
100 to 199 (12)
50 to 99 (4)
0 to 49 (18)
Ownership
• 69% - Non-industrial private individuals
• 20% - Forest industry
• 11% - Public timberland
– 6% - National forest
– 5% - Other public
lands
Source: Wear and Greis, 2002
Module 2: The Southern Bioenergy Resource
Forest Types
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Planted Pine
Natural Pine
Mixed Oak-Pine
Upland Hardwood
Lowland Hardwood
Module 2: The Southern Bioenergy Resource
Planted Pine
• 30 million acres
• Artificially
regenerated
Module 2: The Southern Bioenergy Resource
Natural Pine
• 34 million acres
• Naturally
regenerated
Module 2: The Southern Bioenergy Resource
Mixed Oak-Pine
• 30 million acres
• Majority are
upland oaks
• Pines make up 2550% of stocking
Module 2: The Southern Bioenergy Resource
Upland Hardwoods
• 75 million
acres
• Classed as:
– Oak-Hickory
– Maple-BeechBirch
Module 2: The Southern Bioenergy Resource
Lowland Hardwoods
• 30 million acres
• Classed as:
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Oak-Gum-Cypress
Elm-Ash-Cottonwood
Palm
Other tropicals
Module 2: The Southern Bioenergy Resource
Physiography
• 7 regions
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Coastal Plain
Piedmont Province
Blue Ridge Province
Ridge and Valley
Province
– Appalachian Plateaus
– Interior Low Plateaus
– Interior Highlands
Module 2: The Southern Bioenergy Resource
Coastal Plain
• West Gulf Coastal
Plain
• East Gulf Coastal
Plain
• Lower Mississippi
Alluvial Plain
• Atlantic Coastal
Plain
• Florida Peninsula
Module 2: The Southern Bioenergy Resource
Piedmont Province
• Eastern foothills
of the
Appalachians
• Elevations from
300-1200 feet
• Rolling hills,
valleys, isolated
rock features
Module 2: The Southern Bioenergy Resource
Blue Ridge Province
• Southern Appalachians
to Georgia
• Elevations from 10004000 feet
• Most rugged topography
east of the Rocky
Mountains
• Prized for isolation
Module 2: The Southern Bioenergy Resource
Ridge and Valley Province
• Between the Blue
Ridge Mountains
and the
Appalachian
Plateaus
• 50-75 miles in
width
• Valleys dominated
by agriculture
Module 2: The Southern Bioenergy Resource
Appalachian Plateaus
• Uplifts within the
Southern
Appalachian
Mountains
• Elevations from
500-1000 feet
Module 2: The Southern Bioenergy Resource
Interior Low Plateaus
• West of the
Appalachian
Plateaus,
parallel to the
Appalachians
• Basins created
by erosion
Module 2: The Southern Bioenergy Resource
Interior Highlands
• Arkansas and
Oklahoma
• Ozark Plateaus
– Elevations from
2200 feet
• Ouachita Province
– Elevations from
below 1000-2600
feet
Module 2: The Southern Bioenergy Resource
Climate
• Humid subtropical
climate
• Growing season >
180 days
• Precipitation
averages 40-60
inches annually
• Can suffer “dry
spells”
Module 2: The Southern Bioenergy Resource
Soils
• Primary Southern soils
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Alfisols
Ultisols
Inceptisols
Vertisols
• Minor soils
– Histosols, Entisols, Mollisols, Spodosols
Module 2: The Southern Bioenergy Resource
Alfisols
• Western areas of
Southern forests
• Well-developed,
strongly weathered
• Under native
deciduous forests
• Highly fertile
Module 2: The Southern Bioenergy Resource
Inceptisols
• Eastern regions of
Tennessee, North Carolina,
Kentucky, and Virginia
• Young soils at beginning of
development
• Located on steep slopes,
young geomorphic
formations, and resistant
parent materials
Module 2: The Southern Bioenergy Resource
Ultisols
• Dominant soil in
the Southern forest
• Red clay soils
• Formed under
forest canopy
• Acidic in nature
• Productive under
good management
Module 2: The Southern Bioenergy Resource
Vertisols
• Eastern
Mississippi,
Western Alabama,
Texas
• Shrink-swell soils
• 50-75% clay
content
Module 2: The Southern Bioenergy Resource
Conclusions
• The Southern forest can be a source of a large
renewable energy supply.
• Physiographic conditions throughout the South
are ideal for producing biomass for bioenergy.
Module 2: The Southern Bioenergy Resource
Photo Credits
Slide 5: Chyrel Mayfield, Texas A&M University
Slide 9: Wear and Greis, U. S. Forest Service Southern Research
Station
Slide 14: C. Darwin Foster, Texas A&M University
Slide 15: C. Darwin Foster, Texas A&M University
Slide 16: C. Darwin Foster, Texas A&M University
Slide 17: C. Darwin Foster, Texas A&M University
Slide 18: Chris Evans, University of Georgia, forestryimages.com
Slide 19: Chyrel Mayfield, Texas A&M University
Module 2: The Southern Bioenergy Resource
Photo Credits
Slide 20:
Slide 21:
Slide 22:
Slide 23:
Slide 24:
Slide 25:
Slide 26:
Chyrel Mayfield, Texas A&M University
Chyrel Mayfield, Texas A&M University
Chyrel Mayfield, Texas A&M University
Chyrel Mayfield, Texas A&M University
Chyrel Mayfield, Texas A&M University
Chyrel Mayfield, Texas A&M University
Chyrel Mayfield, Texas A&M University
Module 2: The Southern Bioenergy Resource
Photo Credits
Slide 29: USDA, NRCS
Slide 30: USDA, NRCS
Slide 31: USDA, NRCS
Slide 32: USDA, NRCS
Module 2: The Southern Bioenergy Resource