Transcript Groundwater Protection - United Nations Economic Commission for

UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND
CULTURAL ORGANIZATION
International Hydrological Programme (IHP)
UNESCO
decided to give
Priority to Water
Resources
UNESCO
focus on
Groundwater Resources
From the Decade 1965-1975
to the IHP 1975 -2007
UNESCO and IAH
“Groundwater Protection”
As results of the last cycle of the IHP-V programme (19962001) 3 guidebooks will be published in 2002 :
1-Groundwater Contamination
Inventory
2-Strategy for early warning
groundwater quality monitoring
systems
3-Urban Groundwater Pollution
Plan for the
International Hydrological Programme
of UNESCO Phase VI
(2002-2007)
IHPVI -Examples of Interactions
• Surface water and ground water
• Atmospheric and terrestrial part of hydrologic
circle
• Fresh water and salt water
• Global watershed and river reach scales
• Water bodies and aquatic ecosystems
• Science and policy
• Water and civilization
Theme 1 (T1)
Theme 2 (T2)
Theme 3 (T3)
Theme 4 (T4)
Theme 5 (T5)
Global Changes and Water Resources
Integrated Watershed and Aquifer
Dynamics
Land Habitat Hydrology
Water and Society
Water education and Training
Two cross-cutting programme components: FRIEND
(Flow Regimes from International Experimental and Network
Data) and HELP (Hydrology for Environment, Life and Policy)
have been identified which, through their operational concept,
interact with all themes.
Theme 1
Global Changes and Water Resources
Focal Area 1.1: Global estimation of resources: water
supply and water quality (*) (**)
Focal Area 1.2: Global estimation of water withdrawals
and consumption (**)
Focal Area 1.3: Integrated assessment of water resources
in the context of global land-based
activities and climate change (*)(**)
Theme 2
Integrated Watershed and Aquifer
Dynamics
Focal Area 2.1: Extreme events in land and water resources
management (*)
Focal Area 2.2: International River Basins and Aquifers
(*)
Focal Area 2.3: Endorheic Basins (*)
Focal Area 2.4: Methodologies for integrated river basin
management (*)(**)
Theme 3
Land Habitat Hydrology
Focal Area 3.1: Drylands (*)(**)
Focal Area 3.2: Wetlands (*)
Focal Area 3.3: Mountains (*)(**)
Focal Area 3.4: Small islands and coastal zones (*)
Focal Area 3.5: Urban areas and rural settlements (*)
Theme 4
Water and Society
Focal Area 4.1: Water, civilization and ethics
Focal Area 4.2: Value of water
Focal Area 4.3: Water conflicts - prevention and
resolution (**)
Focal Area 4.4: Human security in water-related
disasters and degrading
environments (*)(**)
Focal Area 4.5: Public awareness raising on water
interactions (*)(**)
Theme 5
Water Education and Training
Focal Area 5.1: Teaching techniques and material
development (*)(**)
Focal Area 5.2: Continuing education and training for
selected target groups (*)
Focal Area 5.3: Crossing the digital divide (*)
Focal Area 5.4: Institutional development and networking
for WET (*)
“Groundwater Component”
of the IHP-VI.
A total of 45 activities distributed
over the first four “Themes”
A particular focus will be given to:
-groundwater protection
- groundwater natural recharge,
-artificial recharge,
-groundwater in arid and semi-arid
areas
-the equitable sharing of
transboundary aquifer systems
Eight activities
have been
identified to have
the highest
priority
in
IHP-VI
1-Guidelines for delineation of
protection zones around public
groundwater supplies
and
management policy.
2-Development of groundwater
policy and management for
wetlands
protection
and
biodiversity conservation.
•
•Effects of global changes on
groundwater recharge, especially in
arid and semi-arid regions in relation
to water resources management.
•Methodologies for risk assessment of
wastewater re-use on groundwater
quality.
•
•Development of methodology (data
acquisition and analysis) for
studying responses of aquifers to
extreme hydrological events.
•Study of the dynamics of
groundwater flow and chemistry in
closed basins including long-term
effects, especially in arid zones.
•Evaluation of the impact of
land-based sources of
pollution on coastal zone
resources.
•Methodology for enhancing
communication between
water specialist, decision
makers and communities to
strengthen public
participation in groundwater
protection.
IHP VI initiatives’
International
Groundwater
Resources
Assessment Center, IGRAC (UNESCO-WMO)
Joint International Isotopes in Hydrology
Programme, JIIHP (UNESCO - IAEA)
Internationally Shared Aquifer Resources
Management, ISARM (IAH- UNESCO-FAOUNECE)
Hydrology for the Environment, Life and
Policy, HELP (UNESCO-WMO)
Joint International Isotopes in
Hydrology Program:
Harnessing Synergy Between
IAEA and UNESCO/IHP
The aim of the joint IAEA-UNESCO/JIIHP initiative is to
facilitate the integration of isotopes in hydrological practices
through:
-development of tools for better understanding of specific
hydrological processes and improving assessment, development
and management of water resources;
-support of national, regional and international programmes in
water resources;
-incorporation of isotope hydrology as part of hydrological
curricula in universities worldwide; and
-integration of isotopic data in hydrological databases at
national, regional and global scales.
HELP Hydrology for the
Environment, Life and Policy
 To deliver social, economic and environmental
benefit to stakeholders through sustainable and
appropriate use of water by directing hydrological
science towards improved
integrated catchment management basins
 Catchments are nominated by national institutions,
based on HELP catchment criteria
in a range of bio-climatic zones, socio-economic / cultural
activities, catchments representative of a wider region
CATCHMENTS ( up to 104 -106 km²) WORLDWIDE
IAEA
The World Water Assessment Programme
The World Freshwater Assessment Programme, is a joint
coordinated initiative of the United Nations system;
The WWAP aims to assess the state
of the World’s Freshwater Resources
Indices and Indicators for Measuring
Ground Water Condition and
Vulnerability: Ground Water
Quantity
At ACC/ SWR meeting in Tokyo (April, 2001)
UNESCO was given the coordinating role for
development of groundwater resources indicators.
.
Ground water indicators should provide
diagnostics to evaluate ground water
condition and vulnerability and provide a
means to appraise the ground water
situation.
Fostering a long-term perspective to the management of ground water
resources is perhaps the most important attribute to the concept
of ground water sustainability.
So, how can we view ground water sustainability?
Conceptually, looking at the ground water system through time, a
long-term approach to sustainability may involve frequent temporary
withdrawals from ground water storage that are balanced by
intervening additions to ground-water storage. However, the concept
of ground-water sustainability and its application to real situations is
multifaceted and complex.
Discussions of groundwater sustainability need to focus on the ability
of the resource to produce key services (including environmental
services) plus the economic costs and impacts on equitable access
that loss of those services would entail.