Transcript Chapter 1 - Cherokee County Schools

Unit 1
Georgia:
Something For Everyone
Geography vs. Geology
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Geography: Describes the Earth
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The RELATIONSHIP between humans and
their environment.
“The study of Earth as a home for Man!”
Geology: Study of the Earth
• The study of the origin, characteristics,
location of non-living materials which
make up the Earth.
Why do we need HISTORY?
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Geography helps
us interpret the
past, understand
the present, and
predict the future.
• Georgia’s history is
a timeline of human
reactions to their
physical
surroundings!
“The Fall Line”
Examples of Geography
HUMAN
Historical
Political
Social
Cultural
Urban
Demography:
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Race, Religion, Age,
Sex, Economics…
Economics
Physical
Cartography
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Soil
Hydrology
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Water
Oceanography
Climatology
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Maps
Weather, Climate
Biogeography
Economics
Georgia Facts
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Western and Northern
Hemispheres
North America (Continent)
United States (Country)
Southeast (Region)
Georgia (State)
•
“Empire State of the South”
Cherokee (County)
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Canton (Town)
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Address
Sectionalism:
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Neighborhoods
Physical/Cultural
Global/Geographic
Mason-Dixon Line
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Named after surveyors
• Deep South/Confederacy
Reasons for Settlement
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Pre-historic Indians and the Europeans found
Georgia attractive for the following reasons:
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Mild weather
Abundant natural
resources (p. 31)
Various land areas
Rivers and ports
Latitude and Longitude
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Latitude: measures
distance north and
south of Equator; lines
stretch east—west.
Longitude: measures
distance east and
west of the Prime
Meridian; lines stretch
north—south.
p. 4 thru 9
Georgia Facts #2
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Largest state EAST of the Mississippi River
21st largest state U.S.
Highest Point: Brasstown Bald
Lowest Point: Coastline
159 Counties
• Largest—Ware
• Smallest—Clarke
• Center—Twiggs
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North: Tennessee and North Carolina
South: Florida and St. Mary’s River
East: Atlantic Ocean, South Carolina, and
Savannah River
West: Alabama, Chattahoochee River
5 Regions of Georgia
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Also known as
Physiographic Regions
Appalachian Plateau
• Cumberland, Lookout
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Blue Ridge
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Ridge and Valley
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Piedmont
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Coastal Plain
Blue Ridge
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Highest and largest group of
mountains in Georgia
Acts as a barrier to keep
warm, moist from the gulf
causing precipitation
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Rain, sleet, snow, hail
Landmarks:
• Tallulah Gorge
• Helen
• Brasstown Bald
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Beginning of Appalachian Trail
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Apples, corn, vegetables, and
hardwood timber
Appalachian Plateau
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Smallest region
TAG Corner
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Tennessee
Alabama
Georgia
Hardwood forest,
pastures for livestock,
corn and soybean.
Only known source of
coal in Georgia.
Most scenic but least
traveled
Ridge and Valley
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Low open valleys and
narrow ridges
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”Wrinkles”
Flat fertile farmlands
• Harwood forest and
pastures
The textile industry
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Industrial: textile and
carpet manufacturing
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DALTON: “Carpet
Capital of the World”
Piedmont
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Cherokee County/Atlanta
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Gently sloping and rolling hills
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“Foot of the Mountains”
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Georgia “Red Clay”
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Over 50% of the states
population
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Business and Industry
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Encompasses 30% of state’s
area
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Cotton, soybean, wheat, beef
and dairy cattle, chicken…
Atlanta skyline…The Capitol
Coastal Plains
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Largest region (60%)
• Inner (Northern)
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Agricultural
Vidalia Upland
Dougherty Plain
Peanuts, peaches, pecans
• Outer (Southern)
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Coastal
Swamp/Marsh
Okefenokee Swamp
Barrier Islands:
• “Golden Isles”
• Protect beaches
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Continental Shelf:
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Protects our coast from
hurricanes
Coastal Plains II
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Prehistoric ocean extended to the Fall Line
• Fossils of shark teeth, whale bones and various ocean life
found in Coastal Plains
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75 miles from coast line inland is known as
“The Pine Barrens”
• Hardly anything except pine trees grows in this region!
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Swamps rivers, streams, estuaries, and islands.
• Slow, meandering, widening rivers
• Tidal rivers along coastline…saltwater and freshwater share
areas during the tides as far as 10 miles inland.
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Coastal wetlands…Okeefenokee Swamp
• Glynn County’s wetlands inspired poet Sydney Lanier to write
“The Marshes of the Glynn”
The Fall Line
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Important to development of Georgia
Natural boundary that separates the Piedmont from the
Coastal region
Settlers were forced to stop by steep falls
Waterfalls and fast running rivers excellent source of power
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Columbus, Macon, Augusta…”CMA Awards”
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Georgia Waterways
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Atlantic Ocean
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Inter-coastal Waterway:
• Method of boat travel along
the Eastern coast of the
United States.
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Rivers:
• Chattahoochee
• Savannah
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Lakes:
• Allatoona
• Sidney Lanier (Poet)
Atlantic Ocean
The pirates using Georgia’s coast
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A little more than 100 miles of coastline
Industry: fishing, boat building, tourism…
Protected saltwater marshes and wildlife
refuges
Inlets, creeks and islands where pirates hid
to attack merchant ships
Rivers
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Savannah River:
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Discovered by Hernando de Soto
Spreads into 3 lakes (Man-made):
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Chattahoochee River:
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J. Strom Thurmond, Russell, Hartwell
“River of Painted Rocks”
Supplies water to Atlanta and cities south
One of the 10 most endangered rivers in the U.S.
All rivers provide transportation, recreation,
water supply, irrigation, and replenishing soils.
Lakes
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There are NO large
natural lakes in Georgia.
• Created by the U.S.
Army Corps of
Engineers and the
Georgia Power
Company.
“Oh Brother, Where Art Thou?”
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Provides recreation, reservoirs,
and hydroelectric power.
Climate Terms (p. 33)
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Climate: weather over a
period of time.
Weather: day to day
changes in temperature ,
precipitation, wind,…
Temperature: a result of
latitude, longitude, and
elevation.
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Highest: July
Coldest: January
Precipitation: rain, snow,
sleet, hail,…
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Wettest: July
Driest: October
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Drought: far below
normal rainfall…affects
lake levels, water tables,
hydroelectric power,
recreation, and agriculture.
Winds: control weather
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Winter: Alaska/Canada
Summer: Gulf of Mexico
and Atlantic Ocean
Wind Currents: flow or
movement of air.
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Jet Stream: 30,000 feet
above sea level
Trade Winds: explorers
used to go to New World
Westerlies: explorers
used to go home
Geographic Terms
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Cardinal Directions: North, south, east, and west
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Intermediate Directions: Northeast, southeast, northwest,
southwest
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Absolute Location: Latitude and longitude
• Grid work
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Relative location: position of one place compared to another
• Distance, direction, location
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Population Density: amount of people per square mile
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Metropolitan Statistical Area: has a central city of at least
50,000 people
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Political Regions: legal boundaries created by the government
for election purposes
Ocean Currents
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71% of Earth covered in water.
Current: “river” of ocean water.
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Caused by the uneven cooling and heating
of the Earth’s surface
Gulf Stream: current along the east
coast of the U.S. going from Florida
to Maine.
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Ships used this to move towards Europe
Steers hurricanes away from Georgia
Hurricanes
Storm
Expected
Category Wind MPH
Surge
Damage
1
74-95
4-4.9 Feet Minimal
2
96-110
5-7.9
Moderate
3
111-130
8-11.9
Extensive
4
131-155
12-18
Extreme
5
>155
>18
Catastrophic
Hurricanes occur in water of 80 degrees or more!
Season: beginning of June to end of November.
Tornadoes
Rating
MPH
Expected Damage
F-0
40-72
Light (Loose debris)
F-1
73-112
Moderate (Broken
Windows)
F-2
113-157
Considerable (Broken
Trees)
F-3
158-206
Severe (Outer Walls)
F-4
207-260
Devastating
(Structural)
F-5
261-318
Forget About It!
Tornadoes are very unpredictable! Georgia averages 19/year.
Georgia Wildlife
Wildlife (Fauna)
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Whitetail Deer found in all
159 counties of Georgia.
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Endangered in early 1900s
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Bald Eagle hunting forbidden!
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6 types of poisonous snakes.
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American Alligator protected
by the Federal government.
Loggerhead Sea Turtles:
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Laws protect them on the
coast of GA and SC.
No lights facing the beach!
• Guided by the MOON!
Pogo The Possum
Georgia Trees and Plants
Azalea
Aloe
Loblolly Pine
Trees and Plants (Flora)
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Hardwoods (North Georgia):
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Pines (Piedmont and Coastal Plains):
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Hickory, Spruce, Maple
Loblolly
Cypress and Cedar (Okefenokee)
Flora in Industry
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Economy: peaches and pecans
Tourism: azaleas, dogwood, iris…
Medicine:
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Aloe (healing)
Purple cornflower (insect repellant)
Goldenrod (snakebites)
Jewelweed (itch…poison ivy, bites)
Kudzu: cascading plant…tough to kill.
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Can be used in health foods and starch.
CREDITS
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My apologies to those people whose
pictures I used as I had not learned
how to credit.