Transcript Lao PDR Poverty-Environment Nexus Case Study

Lao PDR
Poverty-Environment Nexus
Case Study: Non Timber Forest Product
(NTFP)
By
Phouthone Sophathilath
National Agriculture and Forestry Research Institute (NAFRI)
Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry
Prepared for
Sub-regional Workshop on
Poverty and Environmental Nexus
June 21-22, 2005
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Presentation Outline
• Study objectives
• Study sites
• Findings
– Enabling policy, legal, institutional framework
– Status and trends of NTFP
– Management & Uses
– Market
– NTFP contribution to poverty eradication
• Recommendations
June 21-22, 2005
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Study Objectives
•
•
To examine status & trends of NTFPs in relation to
resource availability, marketing, and cultivation at
national and local levels
To study environmental, poverty and policy linkages of
NTFP and its potential contribution to poverty
eradication
June 21-22, 2005
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Study Sites
• Study sites:
– Namo (Oudomxay):
• Nakham,
• Nahom,
• Houaypord,
• Kewchaep
– Phouvong (Attopeu)
• Vomgxay,
• Houaykout,
• Taoum,
• Phouhom
June 21-22, 2005
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Policy, legal and institutional
framework
• NTFPs - an alternative for poverty eradication, shifting
cultivation stabilization, and forest conservation;
• GoL promotes sustainable NTFP management and
utilization, domestication, processing, marketing, but not
been widely extended to real practices:
– Lack of specific regulation, procedures, methodologies
– Lack of supporting mechanisms for NTFP processing and
marketing
– Increasing interests in NTFP development and research and
Information sharing and networking initiated, but still lack of
market information, capacity for extension
– Lack of clear roles and responsibilities of stakeholders,
especially within Government sectors leading to weak
coordination
June 21-22, 2005
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Status
(from national Survey)
• Species reported = 37
• Commercially importance:
– Nationally importance = 13 (2 fallow spc.)
– Regionally importance: 8 in 2 regions and
5 in one region
– Rattan & Cardamom are important in all
regions
Forest species
• Commercial importance very by
locations, depending on market
availability influenced by road access
Fallow species
June 21-22, 2005
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Trends
• NTFP resources are declining, esp.
Forest species decline, but fallow
species increase, and the same
applies for sale quantity
• Price of all most all species increase
• Very limited domestication of NTFP
Increased
Decreased
June 21-22, 2005
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Management and uses
• NTFP managed is mainly based on customary rules
(openly accessible for HH consumption, but not for sale)
• No NTFP inventory and Management system
• Quota allocation is based on a rough quantity estimate
• Use of depleted harvesting techniques and methods was
observed
• Limited NTFP processing for value addition and
commodity production
June 21-22, 2005
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Marketing
• Market for NTFP is increasing and controls harvest
• Market chains are diverse, mainly goes through
middlemen with few direct trading
• Uncontrolled NTFP trading cross international borders
was observed
• Village NTFP marketing group initiated, but not been well
expanded.
• Existing taxation system does not fully support NTFP
trading (too many steps and inconsistent)
June 21-22, 2005
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Contribution to Poverty
• NTFP contributes a substantial share for a household food
consumption and cash income:
– NTFP income ranked 3rd at national level, but 2nd in
poor districts
– Average in come from NTFP/HH/Yr
• Average:
508, 000 kip
• Namo:
772,000 kip
• Phouvong: 237,000 kip
– Contribution to food consumption is not exactly
known, but observed a lot.
June 21-22, 2005
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Contribution to Poverty Reduction
• HH with different healthiness
involved in benefiting from NTFP
differently
• All most all surveyed HH benefited
from NTFP (90% in North; 72% in
South), but the poor tend to be
more dependent
June 21-22, 2005
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Who (use) and earn most
Study factors:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Settlement (highly significant)
Upland rice area (highly significant)
NTFP cultivation (marginally significant) ?
Membership of NTFP Marketing Group (highly significant)
Direct trading (highly significant) Taxation
Wealth (marginally significant)
Households make more income when:
–
–
–
–
Living in older villages
Having more upland rice area
Member of NTFP Marketing group
Selling NTFP to traders
June 21-22, 2005
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Living in older villages
– Old villages:
– More knowledge of resources
– More trust to traders
– Better organized
– New villages:
–
–
–
–
loss access to traditional NTFP
Less familiar with NTFP in new areas
Less known by traders
Spent more time on settling in and
June 21-22, 2005
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Having more upland rice area
June 21-22, 2005
Namo District
Kip (000) per year
– NTFP from fallow land?
Only some !
– More familiar, knowledge,
spent more time, being
closer to NTFP sources
– Less rice -more need on
NFTP for rice substitution
(between paddy & Upland
field)
– Kmou received higher
income from NTFP, who
are doing shifting
cultivation in a larger area
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
<0.5
0.5-1.0
>=1.0
Upland Rice Farming (ha per household)
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Member of NTFP Marketing group
(MG)/Selling NTFP to traders
– MG Normally sell products directly to traders
– More bargaining power
– Know more about market situations
June 21-22, 2005
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Recommendations
• Enhancing legal framework for sustainable management,
utilization and marketing, by development of practical
guidelines, and harmonization of inconsistent
regulations;
• Conducting NTFP assessment, developing sound
management practices, and control illegal trades and
unsustainable practices in a participatory manner;
• Establishing NTFP coordinating body and NTFP
marketing and information network;
• Institutionalizing NTFP management, cultivation,
processing and marketing into rural development
alternatives (village development plan);
June 21-22, 2005
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Recommendations
• Promoting NTFP domestication, e.g. integrating NTFP
cultivation into (Upland) farming system for shifting
cultivators, as well for those in new resettlement;
• Promoting NTFP marketing in conjunction with
community organizing (marketing group) and local
capacity building;
• Promote NTFP processing for value addition
• Enhancing NTFP research and extension
June 21-22, 2005
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Thank you !
June 21-22, 2005
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