Transcript World In Spatial Terms

World In Spatial Terms
Absolute Location
The exact position of a place on the earth’s surface
which is determined by grid.
– Patterns formed as the lines of latitude (parallels) and longitude
(meridians) cross each other.
Prime Meridian & Equator
Prime Meridian
• Zero degrees longitude marks the central point
separating the eastern and western Hemispheres
Equator
• Zero degrees latitude which separate the Northern
and Southern Hemisphere and are equal distance
to the north and south pole.
Ring of Fire
• An arc stretching around the borders of many
of the worlds major plates where 70% of the
worlds tectonic activity occurs.
Archipelago
• A chain or cluster of Islands that are formed
tectonically
Weathering & Erosion
• Weathering is the decomposition of Earth's
rock, and minerals through chemical or
physical processes.
• Erosion is the movement of earth by wind,
water or glaciation.
• Formal Regions: Defined by one or more
common characteristic.
feelings or images rather than physical or tangible
similarities.
• Functional Region: A central place and the
surrounding area linked to it
Regions
• Perceptual Regions: An area with common
Climate Regions
• Steppe: Refers to a biome region characterized
by grassland plains without trees.
• Tropical Rainforest: An ecosystem often found
around the equator characterized by evergreen
vegetation and high levels of rain
• Desert: A region characterized with very little
vegetation and precipitation
Solstices
• Winter Solstice: The shortest day of light
(December 22)
• Summer Solstice: The longest day of light
(June 21)
Democarcy
• Government by the people for the people
Oligarchy
• Rule by elite few
Communism
• Society based on economic equality where
decisions about production & distribution are
made by the central authority
• Examples are Cuba and North Korea
Unitary system
• Top down power structure- decisions are
made by the central government and then
affect the people
• Examples: Oligarchy, Communism
Federal System
• Power comes from the people on the bottom
and affects the people on top
• Divides power between the state and federal
government
Primary Sector
Economic sector that changes natural
resources into primary products. This
sector includes:
Agriculture, Fishing, Forestry, Mining
Secondary Sector
Economic sector that creates a
finished, usable product. It uses
the output of the primary sector
and manufactures finished goods
or products.
Tertiary Sector
Better known as the service
sector. Economic sector that
provides services to business
as well as final consumers.
Quaternary Sector
Economic sector that provides intellectual
services like research, development, and
information.
Economic Systems
1. Command Economy – economic system in which economic
decisions about production & distribution are made by the
central authority
2. Market Economy – an economic system based on free
enterprise, in which businesses are privately owned, and
production & prices are determined by supply & demand.
3. Traditional Economy – a system in which tradition and
custom control all economic activity; exists in only a few parts
of the world today dominated by methods and techniques
that have strong social support even though they may be oldfashioned or out of date
Trade Routes/ Groups
1. Triangle Trade – colonial trade route between New England,
the West Indies, and Africa.
2. Silk Road – early trade route stretching from China to the
Mediterranean.
3. CAFTA (Central American Free Trade Agreement) – trade
agreement made by the U.S. & the Central American
countries of Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras,
and Nicaragua.
4. NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) – trade
agreement made in 1994 by Canada, the U.S. and Mexico
1st Agricultural Revolution
aka Neolithic Revolution
Period which marked a transition from
Hunting and Gathering to Agriculture
and Settlement
nd
2
Agricultural Revolution
• Innovations in farm machinery made
farming easier and increased food
production.
• greatly contributed to the industrial
revolution.
Industrial Revolution
• Economic change in which many of the
world’s nations experienced rapid
transformations into Industrial economies
from agricultural economies
Green Revolution
• A increase in agricultural productivity resulting
due to the introduction of high-yield varieties
of grains, the use of pesticides, and improved
management techniques.
Subsistence Agriculture
• Type of farming that produces just enough
food for a family or village to survive.
Commercial Agriculture
• Type of farming where crops are produced on
a large scale to feed huge populations for
profit by corporations
Shifting Cultivation
• Farmers use the land until all of the soil’s
nutrients are used up. Then they move to
another location and repeat the process.
Crop Rotation
• planting of different crops on the same land to
improve soil fertility and help control insects
.
and diseases
Sustainable development
• Development without depleting natural
resources
• Depleting- using up
Three Gorges Dam
• world's largest electricity-generating plant
• project sets records for number of people
displaced (more than 1.2 million), number of
cities and towns flooded (13 cities, 140 towns,
1,350 villages).
• Located in China
Aswan Dam
• Located in Egypt
• regulate river flooding, to provide storage of
water for agriculture, and to generate
electricity
Panama Canal
• Connects the Atlantic and Pacific ocean.
Shortens the distance goods travel between
Asia and Europe
Salination
• Salt seeps to the surface turning arable land
into non producing soil
Desalination
• Removal of salt from sea water