Transcript What is Demography?

POPULATION and
Urban Development
Thought Questions: Questions to answer . Write these
questions on a piece of paper and answer them.
1. What things would cause people to leave a certain
place?
2. What factors would cause people to move to a
certain place?
 Define the following :
3. Population Density:
4. Push Factor
5. Pull Factor
6. Birthrate
7. Fertility Rate
8. Death Rate
9. Infant Mortality
10. Rate of Natural Increase
Key Understandings
 People are not distributed equally on the earth’s surface
 The world’s population continues to grow, but at
different rates in different regions
What would it look like if the world’s
population was reduced to 100 people?
http://www.100people.org/statistics_100stats.php
REGIONS
Part of the Earth’s surface that is alike
or connected in some way, such as by
politics, economics, culture, or
environment.
1) Formal Region, 2) Functional Region,
and 3) Perceptual Region
DEMOGRAPHY
Demography: The study of population
Demographer: A person who studies demography
Demographics: the statistical data of a population showing
age, gender, income, education, etc.
GLOBALIZATION
Describes an ongoing process by which
regional economies, societies, and
cultures have become integrated
through a globe-spanning network of
communication and trade.
Global Population Distribution
• Population Distribution of the Earth is uneven due to factors such as
climate, landscape, transportation routes, and available resources.
• There are FOUR centers of heavy population in the world
•
These areas contain more than 70% of the Earth’s population
1) Eastern Asia has the
greatest
concentration of
people on Earth – it
is centered in China
and has 21% of
Earth’s population.
2) Southern Asia is the
second largest
concentration of
people – it is
centered in India
and has 16% of the
Earth’s pop.
3) Western Europe is
the third largest
concentration.
In Western Europe
people are
concentrated near
natural resources
needed for industry.
4) East Central North
America is the
fourth largest
center concentrated
in the NE US and
SE Canada.
In the US, the chain
of cities start from
the city of Boston to
south of
Washington DC.
- This is called a
megalopolis.
Africa has 12% of
the Earth’s
population.
Largest cluster of
people found in
the Nile River
Valley.
Cairo is the largest
city in Africa.
South America is
lightly populated
compared with other
continents.
Patterns of people
live along the edges
of the continent – SE
Buenos Aires in
Argentina,
Montevideo in
Uruguay, and Rio de
Janeiro and Recife in
Brazil.
Australia has the
fewest number of
people.
They are
concentrated
along the eastern
and southern
coasts.
(17.5 million people
total on the entire
continent. – as
much as the NYC
metro area)
North Pole
World Population by Continent
Population Density
 The number of
people in a unit
of space
 Example:
8,000 people
per square
mile
Population Density
Population Issues –
The 20th century world population "explosion," from 1.6 billion in 1900 to 6.1 in
2000, was a direct result of the rapid decline in mortality rates in less
developed countries. As death rates declined, life expectancy rose, leading to
higher population.
Population explosion
issues:
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how to increase food
supplies
how to make better use of
farmland
how to improve eating
habits and to take
advantage of resources
how to find new sources of
food.
Food Supply
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The rate of population growth was more than the
amount of food produced.
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More than 13 million to 18 million people die each
year because they do not have a good diet.
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(35,000 a day; 24 a minute – most are children)
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More land is needed for agriculture
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Productive farming methods
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More productive farming techniques
Using new food sources
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New sources of food
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Today 90% of the world’s food comes from 15 crops and 7 livestock animals.
There are more than 10 million kinds of plants and animals on Earth.
PUSH & PULL FACTORS
The push factor involves a force which
acts to drive people away from a place.
The pull factor is what draws people to
a new location.
Migration – Push & Pull Factors
 Most people move because of economic or
political reasons
 Pushed from a bad situation
 Less developed country
 Pulled to a better situation
 More developed country, access to resources,
better economy
 People also move from rural to urban areas
 Huge demand on city infrastructure and
economy
 Job market, living quarters
LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT
& STANDARD OF LIVING
Birth & Fertility Rate
 Birth Rate: number of live births per 1000 people
 Fertility Rate: average number of children a woman
will have in her lifetime
Death Rates
• Death (Mortality) Rate – number of deaths per
1000 people
• Infant Mortality Rate – number of deaths among
infants under 1 year old, per 1000 live births
Rate of Natural Increase
Rate of Natural Increase: the percentage a population
grows in one year
Birth Rate minus Death Rate
=
Rate of Natural Increase
“The J Curve”
Over Population
 Over Population: the number of people exceeds the
resources available in an area
 Carrying Capacity: the number of organisms a piece of
land can support without negative effects.
 World Population Video