Transcript Chapter 7

Chapter 7
Regions of the United States
Key Terms Section 1/2


Megalopolis
Northeast States







Mangrove
Bayou
Fall Line
Sunbelt
Everglades
South States
7.2 Objectives
Bell Work


Grab text book
Go back and grab packet
7.1 Objectives



How have the physical characteristics and
resources of the Northeast affected its
economy?
How did the Northeast become an early
leader of industry?
Why has the Northeast coastal region
become a megalopolis?
How have the physical characteristics and resources of
the Northeast affected its economy?

Physical Characteristics attracts tourism

Beautiful Landscapes



World-famous cities



Unique combination of precipitation, type of soil, and varieties of
trees, lead to beautiful forests
Coastlines, Niagara Falls, beautiful farmland
New York: cultural center of nation
Boston/Philly offer historic look at nation
Natural Resources

Few natural resources


Coal in Pennsylvania
Waters are key!
 Used as keys to regions successful commerce/fishing
 Shorelines provide many harbors
 Natural Harbors used throughout 1700/1800s by merchant ships
 Fishing industry thrives off north Atlantic coasts
7.1
How did the Northeast become an early leader of
industry?

Many Rivers have been vital to history/industry


Example: Hudson/Connecticut
High levels of precipitation helped aid speed of rivers


Factories built at waterfalls



Speed harnessed by industries in form of water wheels.
Produced shoes, cotton, cloth, and other goods to be sold
across nation and world
River valleys served as trade routes, railroad routes, and
later as highway routes.
By 1900 Northeast region was most productive
manufacturing region in the world.
7.1
Why has the Northeast coastal region become a
megalopolis?

Cities grew

B/c of economic importance






People flocked towards factory towns
Increase in populations led to increase in Suburbs
Suburbs of one cities grew into another and became a
megalopolis
Today 1/7 of countries population live in what
megalopolis?

7.1
More/more workers needed for cities industries
Immigrants (European) come to work
Boston to Washington D.C.
Lesson closing


L-J#1
Work on Packet
Bell Work 7.2: South


What states make up the south?
Read pg.161 up to Linking Resources on
pg. 163
Chapter 7.2 Objectives



How have warm climates
and rich soils affected
vegetation in the south?
What key natural
resources have
influenced industrial
development?
How have Changes in
the south led to growth of
cities?

7.2 Key Terms
How have warm climates and rich soils affected
vegetation in the south?

Warm Sub-tropical Climate


Located closer to equator
Provides refuge for wide variety of birds/animals

Warm/wet climate produces
 Mangroves, bayous, everglades

Becomes drier climate toward west
 Supportive to prairies

Rich Soils of coastal plains

Taken advantage of throughout history
 Native Americans used them as well as early Europeans
 Fertile soils increased migration their leading to….
 Building of plantations, slavery

Sub-tropical Climate led to longer growing seasons and
richer soils!
7.2
What key natural resources have
influenced industrial development?

Carolinas in 1840s: Textile mills built on Fall line near cotton
farms (used power of water)


Texas 1900: South’s oil industry began to grow.




Produced abundance of cotton then, continues today with
variety of products
Some of U.S.’s largest oil reserves located there
By 1960s/70s bringing in great wealth
Sharp Oil decline in 80s led to diversification
Gulf Coast (20th Century) Manufacturing industries


Use abundance of available raw materials, sources of energy,
and their instant access to ocean ports to foster development
Example: Petrochemical Industry is a leading source of
industrial income in southern region
Texas now one of leading national producers of synthetic rubber
7.2
How have Changes in the south led to
growth of cities?

Growth of Industry


Sunbelt



Brought new factories, cheaper land, more efficient
Grown enormously as an industrial region
Grown enormously by retirement/tourism
Varied Population

Re-Migration of African Americans



50%+ African American Population
Hispanics in Florida Region
Major Cities

New Orleans, Dallas, Atlanta, Houston, .
7.2
Lesson Closing


Begin Working on Chapter 7 Project
Creating a web
Mangrove

Tropical trees that
grow in swampy
ground along coastal
areas
Bayou

Vegetation region
including marshy inlets
of lakes and rivers
Everglades

Located in Florida,
large area of
swampland covered in
places with tall
grasses
Fall line

Imaginary line b.t. the
Appalachian
mountains and the
Atlantic coastal plains.
Place where rivers
and streams form
waterfalls/rapids as
they descend from
plateau to coastal
plain
Sun-belt

Southern and
Southwestern states
from Carolinas to S.
California
characterized by a
warm climate and
rapid population
growth
Northeast

States









Pennsylvania
New York
New Jersey
Connecticut
Massachusetts
Rhode Island
New Hampshire
Vermont
Maine
Megalopolis
Chapter 7
Very large city; region made up
of several large cities and their
surrounding areas
Megalopolis
South

States








Texas
Oklahoma
Arkansas
Louisiana
Mississippi
Virginia
W. Virginia
Maryland








Tennessee
Kentucky
Alabama
Georgia
Florida
N. Carolina
S. Carolina
Delaware
7.3
Midwest
Bell Work: Midwest



Read the Agricultural Economy Section
(167)
Know the states in the Midwest
L-J #2 after reading
7.3 Objectives & Concepts



How does the climate/soils 
of the Midwest support

agriculture?

Why has farming become 
big business?
How have resources and
transportation promoted
industry in Midwest?
Humus
Growing Season
Grain Elevator
Grain Exchange
How does the climate/soils of the
Midwest support agriculture?

Fertile Soil

Melting glaciers deposited minerals to promote plant
growth


Led to humus = replenished soil
Climate (promotes variety of agriculture)

Promotes soil building





Long/Hot summers with adequate precipitation
Varying Growing seasons; up to 200 days
Warmer/wetter (Iowa, Illinois) = corn/soybeans/livestock
More western: Drier Great plains= wheat/oats/livestock
Northern: Cooler/poor soils= hay/dairy cattle
7.3
Why has farming become big
business?

History



Many Midwestern towns depend on farming
Used to be modest, single family enterprises
Technology

Mechanization of Farms

Invention of reaper


More inventions



allowed farmers to harvest vast amounts of wheat
Allowed farmers to produce more crops with less help
Decreased # of farms as many farms combined/bought out
Linked to Cities



Technology linked countryside to city.
Many business activities, even in major cities, centered around agriculture. Grain
elevators are example of one link
Many cities jobs depend on agriculture


Mercantile exchange= world’s busiest market for many farm products
Board of Trade= largest grain exchange in world.
7.3
How have resources and transportation
promoted industry in Midwest?

Industries to Resources



Rich natural resources = agriculture/manufacturing
industries
Easy access to mineral resources led to development of
steel mills, auto industry, coal mines.
Transportation



Major cities located on shores of Great Lakes or along
major rivers
Water transportation increased efficiency/growth of MW
industry.
RR’s also played major role, esp. in Chicago to ship
heavier goods.
7.3
Lesson Closing
Chapter 7
Organic material that results when plants
and animals that live in the soil die and
decay
Humus
7.3
Chapter 7
In farming, the average number of
days b.t. the last frost of spring
and the first frost of fall
Growing Season
7.3
Chapter 7
Tall building equipped with
machinery for loading, cleaning,
storing, and discharging grain
Grain Elevator
7.3
Chapter 7
Place were grain is bought and sold
as a commodity
Grain Exchange
7.3
7.4
West
7.4 Concepts


Tundra
Aqueduct
Bell Work: West


Read Entire West Section
L-J #3
7.4 Objectives



How does abundance/scarcity of water
affect natural vegetation?
What major natural resources have
influenced economic activity in Western
U.S?
How have geography and distance affected
where people live and work in the region?
How does abundance/scarcity of water
affect natural vegetation?


Major factor shaping west's natural
vegetation, economic activity, and
population density
Most of west= semi-arid to arid climate



Dry areas= short grasses, shrubs, brush, cactus
Wet Areas= (seattle, Wash.) Rich deciduous
forests
Alaska-Tundra region= dry, treeless plains, only
growth when _____
7.4 Concepts
What major natural resources have influenced
economic activity in Western U.S?

Rocky Mtns. And Sierra Nevada “Loaded”

Huge “Warehouse” for minerals
 Gold, silver, uranium, others



Natural Gas/Oil



Led to migrations west in search of gold/silver
Developed huge mining companies for gold, silver, tin, and
copper
Discovery of major oil in Alaska in 1960s
Transformed Alaskan Economy
Forestry/Fishing


½ of U.S. construction lumber harvested in Pacific NW
Billions of tons of fish caught off Alaska, Hawaii, and Pac. NW
7.4 Concepts
How have geography and distance affected
where people live and work in the region?

Transcontinental Railroad



Completion (1869) spurred growth of cities
People moved west but terrain, landscape & climates force living near cities
Alaska

Largest state= smallest population

Caused by landscape/climate



rugged mtns.,(what two?)
Capitol only reached by boat/plane
Hawaii


2,000 miles away from U.S. mainlands
What drew the U.S. to Hawaii?


Wanted them as refueling stations for trade with Japan/China
Today



More mainstream b/c of Jet planes shortening traveling time
Popular tourism
Telecommunication keeps up to date
7.4 Concepts
Lesson Closing


Work on Packets
Work on Ch.7 Projects
Chapter 7
Region where temperatures are
always cold and only specialized
plants can grow
Tundra
7.4 Concepts
Chapter 7
Large pip or channel designed to
transport water from a remote
source over a long distance
Aqueduct
7.4 Concepts