Transcript Which is bigger? Canada or the US The United States has

Location
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Northern North America, 60o N, 95o W
Borders:
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Atlantic Ocean on the East
Pacific Ocean on the West
Arctic Ocean on the North
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(125,600 miles of coastline)
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5,526 miles with the lower 48 states
Area:
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Somewhat larger than the United States
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Total: 6.2 million sq miles (vs. 3.8 million)
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All great lakes but Lake Michigan
2nd Largest country in the world after Russia
Russia
 Canada
 United States
 China
 Brazil
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Provinces – Like states…
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Alberta, British Columbia (B.C), Manitoba,
New Brunswick, Newfoundland and
Labrador, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince
Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan
Atlantic provinces
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Prince Edward Island,
Newfoundland, Nova
Scotia & New
Brunswick
Location makes this
region ideal for
maritime industry –
activity or industry
related to the sea
Economy of the Atlantic provinces
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Dependent on
fishing
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Region is home
to 75% of
nation’s fishing
Ontario & Quebec
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Two largest provinces
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With 2 largest cities:
Toronto and Montreal
Represent the blending
of English and French
culture
Ontario
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Home to about 1/3
of Canada’s
population (southern
part of province)
Largest City: Toronto Ontario
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Capital of Ontario
Home of the CN Tower – one of the world’s
tallest freestanding structures.
Capital: Ottawa, Ontario
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Canada’s head of government is the Prime
Minister
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Stephen Harper (currently)
Quebec’s French culture
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Quebec = center of
French-Canadian
culture
Held 2 elections for
Quebec’s independence,
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Both failed
Prairie provinces
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Include Manitoba,
Saskatchewan and
Alberta
¾ of Canada’s
farmland is located
in this region
British Columbia
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Often referred to as the
“Gateway to the
Pacific” because of its
location and ties to
Asian nations
More than half of the
province is covered by
forests
Territories
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Northwest Territories, Yukon Territory,
Nunavut (1999 from NWT)
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Inuit for “Our Land”
Gov’t has a little more control over terr.
People of the northern territories
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Home to less than 1% of
Canada’s total
population
Region is home to a
large number of
indigenous people –
people who are
descendants of those
who first lived in a
region
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Regions
Rocky Mountains- Largest
mtn range in N. America
Pass through Yukon, BC,
and Alberta
 Known for:
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Great skiing – Whistler
(Olympics)
Mt. Logan - 5,959 m
Longest River –Mackenzie
(flows to Arctic O)
2,635 miles
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Interior Plains- flat land separates the Rocky Mtns
of Canada and the Canadian Shield
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Known For:
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Good farming, some natural resources
Largest Prairie in the world: Mostly forest and Farming
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Canadian Shield- huge region of ancient rock
that covers about half of Canada
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Known for:
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Rugged, few people
Hunting/Fishing
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St. Lawrence Lowlands- located along the St.
Lawrence River
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Known For:
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Smallest region, most population
Largest cities – Lots of Canada’s wealth
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St. Lawrence Seaway
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One of N. America’s most important transportation
routes.
Total drop of 250 ft from Lake superior to St.
Lawrence river
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16 Locks
Climate:
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Temperature in south - sub arctic/ arctic in the North
Temperate around large bodies of water
 They heat up/cool
off slower
Areas around oceans
tend to have more
moisture
Climate:
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R. Mountains affect climate
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Rain Shadow
produce most of the country’s rain and snow east
of the mountains (just like here)
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Continuous permafrost in the North
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Permanently frozen soil
Tundra – cold dry region; frozen for more than
half the year.
People:
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Population: 34.8 million (37th in the world)
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90% of the pop. within 100 miles of the US border
80% Urban
Life Expectancy from birth: 80.1 years
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What does this tell us?
Identity
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Have struggled to identify themselves
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Can have strong bias against Americans
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Not American
Extremely Patriotic!
Joe Canada
Hockey
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Not a sport….
Language:
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English 59% French 23%
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English and French are the Official Language
Anglophone – English speaking
Francophone – French Speaking
99% of the population is literate (people 15
and older can read and write)
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What does literacy tell us?
Economy
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Market-oriented / Capitalisim
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Interdependent with US
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Much like US
relies on others to function
In 1994 Canada, US, and Mex created NAFTA
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North American Free Trade Agreement.
Encourages trade in all 3 countries
Eliminates Taxes on Import/export
Economy
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Exports account for roughly a third of GDP
GDP- Gross Domestic Product - total value of goods
and services made within the country
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Gross (Total) Domestic (Home) Product (Goods and
services)
Most Export comes to US
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more than 85% of Canadian export
Agriculture :
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9% of Canada is suitable for Farming
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Prairie Provinces
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Wheat
Barley
Beef
Oilseed
St. Lawrence
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Dairy
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Fruits
Vegetables
Forest products
Fish
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Industries:
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wood and paper
products
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Leading producer of
timber
BC, Quebec, Ontario
food products
fish products
transportation
equipment
chemicals
petroleum and natural
gas
• Clear Cutting – cutting all trees in an area
`
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Report on Canada
Canada’s history
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Great Britain and
France both fought for
control of Canada
Great Britain defeated
France in the Seven
Years War
1867 – British won
Canada as written in the
British North American
Act
Early history of Canada
History C 7 – Sec4
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First settlers in Canada were fishers, farmers, trappers
and fur traders
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Less than 5% today….not very many
Two main European Powers
France
 Great Britain
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Fought all the time, all over the world
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Signed a Peace Treaty in 1713
Peace?
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Not really “peaceful”
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Treaty gave Britain Hudson Bay, New
Foundland, and Acadia
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French Acadians had to follow British
Protestant rule
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Not Happening
French wanted beaver, Britain wanted
land
War!
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1754 started the Seven Years War
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Decisive battle won by Brits
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French and Indian War
Battle of Quebec in 1759
Treaty of Paris signed 4 years later
gave Canada to Great Britain
The British Don’t want
Trouble
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Sympathetic Canadian Gov’s passed
Quebec Act
French people in Quebec can speak
French, practice religion, and follow their
own customs
Some French Acadians formed a colony
in LA = Cajun
Play nice
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French and British worked together
during the war of 1812
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US tried to invade Canada, but were
forced back to DC where the White
House was burnt down
After the war
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Canadians hated British rule
French Canadians tried to revolt
 British Canadians tried to revolt
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They lost
Self-Rule
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Leaders from every province met
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Wrote a plan and presented it to British
parliament
It passed!
The British North American Act
One autonomous Dominion under the name
of Canada
 Autonomous – self governing
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Dominion- self-governing area
World War I
Canadians fought with Allied Forces
 Saw the first use of poison gas attack
 Lost more than 60,000 soldiers
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British recognized Canada’s
contribution and gave more
independence
After the War
 Immigrants
poured into Canada
 During
Great Depression, Canada
tried to solve problems at home
 Readily
Britain
entered World War II with
World War II
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Most soldiers given guard duty in
Britain to prevent German attack
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Many pilots, gunners, bombardiers,
and flight engineers saw action
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Efforts helped win war!
 Gained
more independence from Britain
After the War
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More Immigrants
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More factories to accommodate
clothing market in Europe
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Became the world’s 4th-largest
developed nation
 Helped
organize United Nations
A new Country!
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In 1982, the British North American
Act was replaced by a constitution
This gave Canada the right to ratify
their constitution without Britain’s help
 Canada was an independent nation
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 Constitutional
Democracy)
Monarchy (Parliamentary
T-r-o-u-b-l-e
 French
Canadians in Quebec
tired of being associated with
Canada
 Separatists- French Canadian
Francophone (s) who want to
make Quebec its own country
 Francophone- people who speak
French as their first language
Shhhhhhhhhh
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Quiet Revolution- changing the Quebec society
peacefully to aid in the separatist movement
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Not always quiet
Separatist blamed for kidnappings and murders
Creating better jobs, education, and health care
for Francophones
Quebecois- political party formed by the
separatists
Put it to a vote
Not everyone in Quebec wanted to
separate from Canada
 1980 and 1995 referendum showed
that a majority of the people in
Quebec wanted to stay w/ Canada
 Referendum- vote; casting ballots for
or against an issue
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