Transcript Wastewater Treatment and Reuse in Lebanon: Key Policies

Wastewater Treatment
and Reuse in Lebanon:
Key Policies and Future
Scenarios
K. Karaa, F. Karam and N. Tarabey
WASAMED Workshop, Cairo 7-11 December 2004
Necessity for non Conventional
water use in Lebanon
• Total Available Water Resources in
Lebanon:2000 MCM
• Total Needs in 2020:
– 2450 MCM with actual Efficiencies Networks
– 1998 MCM with ameliorated Efficiencies (80%
for potable water and 75% for irrigation )
• Lebanon must search for new non
conventional water resources
•
Non Conventional Water
Resources
Drainage water collection :
– Flooding area in the Bekaa Valley (5000 ha):
• Actually Drainage system is active and collected water is
recuperated in the Litani river bed and stocked in Qaraaoun
Reservoir
• Works for Recalibration and rehabilitation of Litani River and
Effluents are ongoing.
– Coastal plain area where gravity irrigation technique
is practiced
• Diminution of drainage water volume by using adequate
irrigation techniques
• Water drainage reuse at on-farm level with a regular water
quality monitoring
Gained volumes are
insignificants compared to
needs
Non Conventional Water
Resources
• Sea water desalination: Seems to be very
costly to Lebanon according to actual cost:
0.5 to 0.6 US$ by Cubic Meter
Conclusion: Treated Waste Water
is a god solution to assure new
water resources
Waste water treatment plan
• A master plan for secondary waste water
treatment is already elaborated for all
Lebanon and Funded at 70.47% of total
Cost.
• Between 2005 and 2007, constructed
plants are previewed to serve until 2015,
88% of the total Lebanese population.
-Topographical,
demographic
and urban
conditions
-Economical
considerations
Master plan for
waste water
treatment in
Lebanon
Incite to preview
a master plan
where the major
part of waste
water (55%) is
collected on the
coastal area.
Possible Collected Waste Water for
Treatment in 2020 (MCM)
Beirut & Mount Lebanon
North Lebanon
South Lebanon
Nabatieh
Bekaa
Total
Percentage from Total
Urban Zone
Rural
Total
Coastal Inland Zone
88.65 25.39
3.61 117.65
28.55
5.08 16.08 49.71
18.17
1.75
9.14 29.06
0.00 10.50
6.43 16.93
0.00 22.46 10.72 33.18
135.37 65.17 45.99 246.53
54.91 26.44 18.65 100.00
Lebanon Land
Form and
Plain Areas
Treated waste water reuse
Beirut region
- 36% of treated waste water is generated by
Beirut Treatment Plants (Dora & Ghadir) where
agricultural activity is very limited (green houses)
and is invested regularly and very fast by urban
activities
- Beirut region suffer from lack on potable water
and to fill up this lack about 3000 wells are
drilled.
- Underground water suffer from salinity problems
- Main treated wastewater volume in Beirut
region, can be used to control sea water
intrusion
Treated waste water reuse
Others Coastal areas and Inland
Regions
- Treated water can be entirely used for
agriculture purposes
- This use is a water quality matter which to
be adapted with Lebanese legislation.