Transcript Rural settlements in the UK

Rural settlements in the UK
Lesson objective - Recognise how
rural areas can be improved to make
them more sustainable
What is the Eden Project?
The Eden Project in St Austell in Cornwall is
based in a worked-out clay pit, which houses
buildings including two vast greenhouses
(biomes) and the Core – an education centre.
The biomes are homes for plants from around
the world and are used to explore our
dependence on nature, and to illustrate the
way in which people form an intrinsic part of
the natural world.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=va87iu9hm4Y&feature=player_e
mbedded#!
What does the Eden Project do?
The Eden Project does much more than offer a
memorable day out in Cornwall. Eden is also a
charity and social enterprise.
•Running social and environmental projects on our
doorstep and around the world
•Creating unforgettable learning experiences for
students
•Doing valuable research into plants and conservation
•Making sure we run our operations in the greenest
possible way.
Impact of the Eden Project on the
area
Since the beginning of the Project Eden has
brought over £900 million to the local economy.
Tourists questioned say they were ‘extremely’ or
‘very’ influenced by Eden to holiday in Cornwall.
Eden employs nearly 500 staff, and estimates that
a further 3,000 jobs have been sustained locally
due to its continuing success. The benefits are also
felt by Eden’s 2,500 local suppliers and a range of
other businesses such as hotels, restaurants, bed
and breakfasts, pubs and taxis.
Other rural strategies
Greenbelts
England’s Greenbelts
• A Greenbelt is an area of
open land around a city,
which is protected from
development.
• Greenbelts were set up 50
years ago, and now cover 13%
of England
• Greenbelts have 3 main
functions
• Check the sprawl (spreading)
of cities like London and
Birmingham
• To protect the surrounding
countryside from further
development
• To prevent neighbouring
cities from merging into each
other.
Have Greenbelts been a success?
• In some respects yes, they have prevented urban sprawl
around cities like Manchester, London and Birmingham
• Most of the designated Greenbelt has remained intact
for the past 50 years.
• BUT
• Over 1100 hectares of green belt has been lost each
year since 1997
• Nearly 50,000 homes have been built on greenbelts
• Greenbelts have also caused ‘leap-frogging’ where
commuter towns grow outside the greenbelt, like
Chelmsford in Essex
• Commuter town (a town that has many people living in
it that work far away).
Other rural strategies
National Parks
Case Study:
The Lake
District
The Lake District National
Park is one of twelve
National Parks in the
United Kingdom. As you
can see from the map,
The Lake District is
situated in North-West
England.
In more detail…
The Lake District lies
entirely within
Cumbria and is one
of England’s few
mountainous regions
as well as including
15 lakes, which is
why it attracts a large
number of visitors
History
The Lakes, as the region
is also known, were
made famous during the
early 19th Century by the
poetry and writings of
William Wordsworth and
the Lake Poets.
The park covers
230,000 ha of land
and is dominated
by formations left
by the last Ice Age.
Landscapes
The Lake District hosts a very wide variety of
landscapes including…
Industry
Historically, farming, particularly sheep
farming was the major industry in this
region.
Another major Lakeland industry was
the mining of copper, lead, barite,
graphite and slate from the 16th to the
19th century.
However, tourism has now grown
rapidly and become the area’s
primary source of income.
Purposes of the Authority
The Lake District National Park Authority was
established in 1951.
As set out in the Environment Act 1995, its purposes
are…
1. To conserve and enhance the natural beauty, wildlife and
cultural heritage of the Park
2. To promote opportunities for the understanding and
enjoyment of the special qualities of the Park by the public
3. To seek to foster the economic and social well being of
local communities within the park by working closely with the
agencies and local authorities.
Pressures…
With over 12 million visitors attracted to the area
every year, there are obviously going to be certain
pressures.
People are the biggest threat to areas like the Lake
District as they can…
Management
If these problems weren’t controlled, the area would lose
its natural beauty, so this is where the work of the Lake
District National Park Authority (LDNPA) comes in.
They have to follow what is known at the National Park
Management Plan which is a national strategy used in all
UK national Parks and include rules and regulations on
everything to do with the park from the Historic
environment to traffic and transport.
Tree Preservation
The Authority protects important
trees through tree preservation
orders which make it an offence to
cut down, top, lop, uproot or
wilfully damage or destroy any
tree without permission.
Rangers
The Ranger team provides a countryside
management service for the community by…
•Contact with residents, visitors, interest groups, parish and
district councils and other organisations
•Links between the community and other specialists in the
LDNPA
•Rights of Way monitoring, management and protection
•Implementation of conservation projects
•Practical land management
•Lake monitoring byelaw enforcement and management
•Visitor and recreation management
•Work with the Lake District Volunteers Service
Exam technique
Using named examples, examine the success of
strategies to improve rural areas (6)
Levelled responseLevel 1 – Basic – 1 or 2 marks
Level 2 – Clear – 3 or 4 marks
Level 3 – Detailed – 5 or 6 marks