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NIGERIA
An overview
Overview
- History
- Geography
- Economics
- Culture
History of Nigeria
11th-19th century
The area in and around Nigeria parted into
societies
- North-central: Hausa city-state/Kingdom of
Katsina,Kano, Zaria, Gobir
- North-east: Kingdom of Borno
- South-west: Yoruba city-states/Kingdom of
Ife, Oyo, Ijebu
- South: Kingdom of Benin
- East: Igbo
The 19th century
- slave trade -> agricultural produce
expanded from Africa to Europe
- 1861: coastal territory of Lagos became
British colony
- until 1900: United Kingdom "conquered"
territory of (nearly) present-day Nigeria
The 20th century
- 1903: British forces took Sokoto
- 1906: UK controlled whole Nigeria
-> 1) Lagos (Colony)
2) Protectorate of Southern Nigeria
3) Protectorate of Northern Nigeria
- 1914: Northern and Southern Protectorate
were merged to single territory
- 1922: legislative council was built
- 1947: federal system of government
introduced by Britains
->3 regions: Eastern-Western-Northern
Aim: - accomodating the interest of
diverse ethnic groups
-reconcile tensions
- 1951: ministerial government introduced
- 1954: self-governing
Problem: conflicting demands for autonomy
and central government
Solution: federal government + regional
autonomy
-> 1. October 1960: Federation of Nigeria
Problem: threats to federal government
-> political groupings and alliances
formated
Solution: ???
- 1963: Nigeria became Republic
- since then: Eventful time!!!
Today
- Consitution: adopted from 1979
- Legal system: based on English common
law, Islamic law and tribal law
- Legislative branch: National Assembly
consists of Senate and House of
Representatives
- Elections: last held 2003
Geography
Nigeria lies in West Africa
- North border -> Niger
- East border -> Cameroon
- South border -> Atlantic ocean
- West border
-> Benin
- country consists of 36 states and the
- capital used to be Lagos until 1991
Abuja is the current one
(it`s also called Federal Capital Territory).
- Abuja is not really a state, but it takes small
parts of a few states lying centrally located
in the country.
House of Parliament, Abuja
The National Mosque, Abuja
- Total Area - 923,770 sq. km
- Total Land Area - 910,770 sq. km
- Total Land Boundaries – 4047 km
- Coastline – 853 km
- arable land 33%
- permanent crops 3%
- permanent pastures 44%
- forest and woodland 12%
- other 8%
Climate
- Lying between the Equator and the Tropic
of Cancer -> very hot
- 2 main “temperature regions”
- tropical region in the south, temeratures
around 90°F
- subtropical regions in the north.
temperatures between 60°F and 100°F
- 2 main seasons:
- the rainy season
May – September (North)
March – November (South)
- dry season
- Harmattan season (South) – dry and
cold
Rivers
- main rivers:
- Benue
- Niger (gave Nigeria its name)
- Region where Niger meets ocean
-> known as “Delta”
Economics

Government
 political instability, corruption, poor
economic management
 overdependence on the capital-intensive
oil sector, which provides
20% of GDP, 95% of foreign exchange
earnings, and about 65% of
budgetary revenues[1]

Population
Population below poverty line: 60%
 Labor force: 66 million
 Labor force by occupation: agriculture
70%, industry 10%, services
20%
 Unemployment rate: 28%
 Budget revenues: $3.4 billion
 expenditures: $3.6 billion

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Basic data
 Industries:
crude oil, coal, tin,
columbite, palm oil, peanuts, cotton,
rubber, wood, hides and skins,
textiles, cement and other
construction
materials, food products, footwear,
chemicals, fertilizer, printing,
ceramics, steel
 agricultural
sector has failed to keep
up with rapid population growth 
food has to be imported
 reform
urged by IMF: modernization
of the banking system; to curb
inflation by blocking excessive wage
demands; and to resolve regional
disputes over the distribution of
earnings from the oil industry
 agricultural
sector has failed to keep
up with rapid population growth 
food has to be imported
 reform
urged by IMF: modernization
of the banking system; to curb
inflation by blocking excessive wage
demands; and to resolve regional
disputes over the distribution of
earnings from the oil industry
 Industrial
production growth
rate: 0.4%
 Oil reserves: 27 billion bbl
 Petroleum interests lead to
armed conflicts among local
population and militias
 Natural gas reserves: 4.007
trillion cu m
Agriculture
products:
cocoa, peanuts, palm oil,
corn, rice, sorghum[2],
millet[3], cassava[4]
(tapioca), yams[5], rubber;
cattle, sheep, goats, pigs,
timber[6], fish
 32%
of Nigeria’s land is arable
 Bad quality of the country’s water,
air and soil  human and
environmental factors (periodic
droughts, flooding; rapid
deforestation, soil degradation[7],
desertification[8], urban air and
water pollution, rapid urbanization
destroys arable land and pollution
by oil spills)

Import

Imports: $13.6 billion

Import commodities: machinery,
chemicals, transport equipment,
manufactured goods, food and live
animals

Import partners: UK 8.8%, US 8.6%,
Germany 7.9%, France 6.8%, China

Export
 Exports: $17.3 billion
 Export commodities[9]: petroleum and
petroleum products 95%, cocoa, rubber,
palm kernels[10], cotton, yam, hides[11]
and skins
 Export partners: USA 47.7%, Spain
10.0%, India 7.7%, France 6.1%,
Brazil (2001), Germany, Italy, India
 Electricity exports: 20 million kWh
 Nigeria is a transit point for heroin and
cocaine intended for European, East
Asian and North American markets

Finances
 Currency: Naira (NGN), coins: Kobo
(100 Kobo = 1 Naira)
 Bills: 1-, 5- 20-, 50-, 100-, 200-, and
500-Naira bill
 Exchange rates: Naira per US dollar NA (2002), 111.231 (2001),
101.697 (2000), 92.3381 (1999), 21.886
(1998)  inflation
 Inflation rate (consumer prices): 14.2%
 Economic aid recipient: ODA[12] $250
million
 $1
billion credit from the IMF[13]
 External dept: $29.7 billion
 GDP composition by sectors:
agriculture: 45%; industry: 20%;
services: 35%
 Major money-laundering centre
 major problem (cf. corruption,
unwillingness and criminal
activity of government)
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[1] Einnahmen, Staatseinkünfte
[2] Hirse
[3] Hirse
[4] Maniok
[5] Süßkartoffeln
[6] Nutzholz
[7] Abbau, Abtragung
[8] Das Vordringen der Wüste
[9] Waren, Wirtschaftsgüter, Bedarfsartikel
[10] Samen, Kerne
[11] Fellhaut
[12] Official Development Assistance
[13] International Monetary Fund
Currency
- “Naira”
- coin equivalents, the “Kobo”
-> 100 Kobo = 1 Naira
- Bills: - 1-Naira bill,
- 5-Naira bill,
- 20-Naira bill,
- 50-Naira bill,
- 100-Naira bill,
- 200-Naira bill and
- 500-Naira bill
Culture
Culture
- population: 133.881.703
- average life expectancy: 51 years
- median Age: total: 18.63 years (2005 est.)
- total fertility rate: 5.53 children born/woman
(2005 est.)
- people living with Aids: 3, 5 millions
- literacy: 68% of the people over 15 can read
and write
Ethnic groups: - more than 250 ethnic groups
- Hausa, Fulani, Yoruba, Igbo
(Ibo)
Religions: - Muslim 50%
- Christian 40%
- traditional African beliefs
Languages: - about 430 languages
- more than 1000 dialects
Most important languages: - English (official),
- Pidgin
- Hausa
- Yoruba
- Igbo (Ibo)
- Fulani
Pidgin English
- variation of English
- called ‘Pidgin English’ or ‘broken English’
- examles: “I’m going” -> “I de go”
“I won’t” -> “I no”
“what” -> “wetin”
Dress code
- Traditional men’s clothing:
- comfortable
- shirt extending to the knees
- Traditional women’s clothing:
- long wrap-around skirt
- short-sleeved top
- scarf
Types of food
- meats: goat, cow, chicken, turkey, geese,
guinea fowls, pigeon, fish, shrimp, crab,
seafood in general
- fruits & vegetables: oranges, bananas,
pineapples, tangerines, carrots,
watermelons, guava, melons, limes, grape
fruits, mangos, apples, peppers, tomatoes,
onions, peas, yams, etc.
- Palm oil (made from palm kernels) ist
often used for cooking
roasting corn
yams
Drinks
- drinks: water, palm wine, soft drinks,
fruit drinks, beer, wine, zobo
(tastes like fruit punch)
No longer at ease
- young man, Obi Okonkwo
- returns to Nigeria after years
of studying in England
- job in the civil service
- introduced to bribery
- gets to know consequences
of bribery
- his own world of a well
educated young Nigerian
falls apart
Sources
- www.emkweltmission.de/laender/Nigeria/Nigeria_Fakten.htm
- www.seibel-ps.de/Nigeria-Allgemein.html
- www.seibel-ps.de/Nigeria.html
- www.seibel-ps.de/Nigeria-Daten.html
- www.ipicture.de
- http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ni.html
- http://www.motherlandnigeria.com/people.html
- http://food.oregonstate.edu/images/fruitveg/yam/yamsred.jpg
- http://imageseu.amazon.com/images/P/0385474555.01.LZZZZZZZ.jpg
- http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/nolonger/summary.htmlhttp://ww
w.theodora.com/wfb2003/nigeria/nigeria_economy.html
 http://www.ideels.uni-bremen.de/nigeria.html