Transcript Presentation - TheWaterChannel

Soil water Rejuvenation, Desertification Control
& Agro Productivity Augmentation
Field experience through Innovation
(winner World Bank India Development Marketplace 2007 &
Awarded as the Best Environmental Practice in Gujarat 2013)
by
Biplab Ketan Paul, Ashoka Changemaker Fellow, India
00919825506900
[email protected]
April 2013
Objectives of this practice
Geological/soil and aquifer issues attended by Bhungroo
•Freeing of lands from water logging = reducing salt deposition & curtailing
desertification
•Creation of lifelong sustainable water sources (ie irrigation supply)= both
monsoon and winter cropping for poor farmers
•Yearly augmentation of subsoil saline aquifer (with non saline storm water) =
reducing salinity in subsoil aquifer i.e. rejuvenating subsoil water , which is also
creating of better water source over long term
Crop/farming and ecology issues attended by Bhungroo
•Ensuring higher soil productivity
Socio economic issues attended by Bhungroo
•Entrustment of food security, emancipation from debt trap & reversing of
migration
Gender dimension attended by Bhungroo
•Women driven gender centric programme in unique commune agro system
Ensuring Sustainable Agro-Livelihood for vulnerable
farmers of Salinity affected &/or Flash Flood prone
areas through World Bank IDM 2007 awarded Socially
Innovative Irrigation Technology (Bhungroo)
What is World Bank awarded technology?
It is awarded in World Bank’s Socially Innovative Ideas
competition IDM 2007 and it is named as “Bhungroo”
(in local language means straw for water) .
How does it work?
Bhungroo, a filtered injection method is actually injecting low
density storm water underground
Creating water lenses due to density variation between filtered
storm water and subsoil high density saline aquifer.
Top soil gets free from water logging
Existing soil moisture takes care of monsoon cropping.
In winter period (the cash crop period) the farmers lift the
injected low density storm water from subsurface storage for
winter irrigation.
What is “Bhungroo”?
Meaning of “Bhungroo”
• “Bhungroo” is a local term in Gujarat. In Gujarati it
means a “straw”
• But in local dialect it means a “Straw” through which
“Dharti (i.e. mother earth)” can sip in water inside as
well as can give water to its children for lifelong
Impact:
• Now highly popular in the region especially within
women members
Plots, which were perennially unproductive for decades
due to water logging, produce at least 2 crops from the
very first year due to installation of Bhungroo. Retain
soil water and reduces the salt deposition ie controlling
desertification
Work Diagram
Waterlogging
Installation of Bhungroo on
the land which is water logged
Water lifting from
under ground water
lenses by pumping
Food crop= nutrition
security
Injecting of rainwater
underground & creation of
subsoil lenses of low density water
Freeing of land from water logging
Supplying of water for
alternative season cropping
Cash crop = income
generation
Impetus towards Social Enterprises
For Local Partners
– For below poverty line vulnerable farmers
– Major focus on women
– Designed into community driven company ie Joint Asset Groups = benefit to
more than 5 farming families = cooperative/group cultivation= risk
minimization=economic of scale
– Definite time-line
On Global issues
– Controlling of desertification, Mitigation of climate change and
– Women led development
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Issues attained
 Disaster prone- Desertified,
 Water-logging= flash flood affected
 Soil and Aquifer Salinity,
 Near zero Irrigation availability,
How is it relevant in local area?
• Flash flood/salinity affected areas are defeating agro process of local people due
to water logging in every monsoon. It solves the poor agro productivity issue
in the area
• Water depth in tubewell 1200/1300 ft needs an investment of USD 30000 for
deep tubewell. Bhungroo needs an one time investment of<USD 10000
• The erratic rainfall and current water storage process does not result better
conservation. It solves that problem
• Due to heavy sheet flow of muddy water the water percolation rate is very low.
By reducing the water logging it is actually increasing soil productivity
The aquifer depths 62 -100 ft. The filtered storm water collected through
Bhungroo can be stored underground. It stays over there for next 365 days.
Makes landholdings free from water logging= rainydays cropping= food
security.
In Alternative season injected water is pumped out for irrigation= cash
crops=higher income= economic richness.
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Planning- “Bhungroo” Suitability- locations?
Salinity Affected areas:
• Regions with high soil salinity
• Regions with high subsoil salinity
• Regions with low top soil
permeability/porosity
Pre installation technical, social, soil, geographical data
collection is needed
Flash flood regions:
• Regions with long duration waterlogging
• Regions with subsoil water TDS
level > 1000 ppm within a depth of
40-80 ft
Bhungroo Implementation (Process)
Monsoon rainfall
Collection of runoff surface water in farmers plot through
farm bund and filter it to inject underground
Training of SHGs and farmers = understanding of commune agro process & Bhungroo based
irrigation system development= water quantum finalization based upon land geography detail = crop
specific agro water balance finalization with local knowledge
Finalization of quantum of Landholdings + irrigation of selected farmers. Their lands get free from
water logging = near zero salt deposition from capillary force = increasing soil fertility & ensuring
monsoon cropping = Food security= reverse migration= ecological rejuvenation of erstwhile fallow
land
Post Monsoon cropping, Lifting of stored water
Reuse the lifted stored water for winter
cropping=cash cropping =economic richness
Higher irrigation coverage for winter
crop with higher return
Process
1-Concept Promotion
List the potential
beneficiaries as per their
poorest poor rank in the
poverty mapping
Old beneficiaries
share their success –
experience with this
group; exposure visit
is conducted (if
needed)
Village level SHGs
do the local level
poverty mapping
SHGs are responsible
to for beneficiaries’
performance & norms
abiding
Finally agreed members
from the SHGs’ list, who are
keen to access Bhungroo as
per given agreement and
acceptable terms
Community
Manager explains
work process &
norms & terms of
Commune to be
followed by
beneficiaries
Process
2-Beneficiary Selection & Site Finalization
Short listed members submit
land entitlement legal papers
& poverty certification to local
SHGs
List of beneficiaries gets
finalized; Commune is formed
for next 10 years operation
Papers Verification by SHG
& community
Screening of potential
beneficiaries based upon
Sites’ technical feasibility
(soil strata report) and
peer group assessment at
community level
SHGs are
responsible for
beneficiaries’ paper
authenticity
local village
institution/
government
machinery are roped
in for document
attestation
Process
3-Technology erection, machinery installation &
maintenance at site
Commune
members are
informed about
their selection.
They form their
labor team and
work timing is
finalized
Commune members’
sites gets ready with
drilling completion &
machinery installation
within 30 days of
commune formation
Machinery team deliver the
machines to local SHGs; in
presence of village institution and
SHGs machines are installed by
the machinery agency
Drilling agencies
complete the drilling
within 10 days
Commune members are
responsible to manage
the system on their land
Onsite full service &
parts replacement
warranty by
machinery and
drilling agencies
Process
4-Water injection and crop mapping
SHG and Commune
members upkeep
water injection units
aprior
Rain water collection, water
logging duration, water
quantum measurement by
Commune members with
approval from SHG,
verified by community
Irrigation chart
and timing is
shared within
commune in
advance
SHG and Commune
assess water injection &
possible water draft for
irrigation
Commune
decide on crop
planning for
monsoon and
winter along
with irrigation
water quantum
need and timing
Commune prepare the
irrigation Plan
Process
SHG
&Commune
keep note on
monsoon
irrigation
5-Irrigation supply
Commune start winter irrigation
on rotation process i.e. machine
time is dedicated to single
farmers, so each farmers is getting
irrigation cycle within next 5 days.
SHG keeps tab on water
distribution & farmers’
on site water
management to
minimize the wastage &
stealing
Commune daily
updates water usage
by each commune
member
water usage, cost of usage &
agro input use by each
farmer is shared within; this
gives actual picture of crop
growth
The Bhungroo Process
Women landowner = Partial Agro lab
SHG, Cluster, PRI approvals;
MOUs within JAG, Site Finalising
Earthwork, Technology erection by local
team; Post erection “service on site”
agreement
Water Injection mapping, injection,
monsoon cropping
water lifting & irrigation, POP, crop sale and
proceed ownership by women
Process
• Gender centric– from partner selection, approval,
technology erection and sale proceed control by women
• Priority -Food security and economic upliftment
• Crop selection by women –
– Monsoon- food security, AH & fuel security
– Winter- minimum risk, minimum agro input usage
• Technology- inclusive and risk sharing
Program Output -- Direct measurable result
• Within first monsoon after irrigation operation from
Bhungroos:
–
–
–
–
–
Inclusion of 20 acres of land into cropping system
Net income from 1 Bhungroo USD 5000 to 10000
Guaranteed Food Security for at least 25 BPL members
Lifting of 25 poorest poor farmers to APL level
Reduction in migration of targeted farmers
Program Output -- Indirect result
1.
2.
3.
4.
Good no of poor rural people are saved from flash flood.
Works as buffer zone for the Flash flood.
Reduces threat to hygiene and health
Saves good no of animals’ lives in low lying areas.
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Bhungroo Achievement
JAG enables income retention with women= Productive usage of earned
money (i.e. in debt servicing, education &quality medical service)
Income increasing - from annual family income of USD 200 to annual income
of USD 1000 within 9 months and food security
Till date 3306 BPL members have been covered with 132 Bhungroos
With one time per capita investment of USD 300, it gives return of USD 320 per
capita per year for next 25 years + food security for every year
Each year 1 Bhungroo supports min 20 acres of land for winter and monsoon crops
Joint Assets Group = commune of 5 poor farming family
Local technical knowledge team promotion
Bhungroo Impact
14581 small & marginal
farmers (primarily destittue/
widow /BPL women farmers)
Reverse migration = from
bonded labor to own land
cultivator
Disaster preparedness,
Desertification controlled
Soil salinity reduction,
aquifer improved
Rejuvenation of local agro
economy= $ 1 m crop
produce (aprox) in last year
Impact
• Facilitation of Millennium Development Goals
• Regenerate the dairy industry of all the project villages through grass
growing on water logging free lands= near zero land erosion
• Freeing the BPL members from the clutches of village power groups.
• Empowerment of underprivileged women in the area
• Technical knowledge ownership with SHG members - inbuilt sustainability.
• Local women members working as resource person - auto replication.
• Local wage creation
• Improvement of women health and education status over time.
Most importantly it implies a new ecological era for this degraded and disaster-prone
region leading to flood coping and/or disaster preparedness
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Potential of scaling up
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Best Agro solution for drought/flash flood affected areas
Innovative low cost easy to use irrigation process for poor farmers- takes care of
95% of scaling up issues.
Emancipation of farmers from debt-trap
Instead of single ownership, it is equally-shared-asset and community shared
knowledge.
High knowledge ownership Reduce/ reverses out-migration of farmers as bonded
labors to other areas
Promotes best agro practices
Women leadership and informed animators (i.e. least-cost-second-line is getting
ready)
Being people-centric and targeted to immediate need of livelihood of the poorest of
poor, dependent upon most precious natural resource
Land and Water
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Integration
Extension services towards crop
loss minimization (women run)
Need-oriented financial services and
uplifting the clients to be credit
worthiness
Business plan based agro activity in both
land owner & landless women farmers
Market information
on Agro-allied sector
Market information
provision services for higher
income
Linking with existing public services (e.g. WATSAN,
health, education etc.) and scoping exercise on
innovative ideas on the subject
Learning
Technical:
What is
innovation
How to
operationalize
the process of
innovation
Major lessons & learning by
community & implementer
Institutional:
How to streamline the replication
process with a view of better output
Role of Financial institutions
Advocacy for credit worthiness of
the poor farmers for Bhungroo
experiment
Social:
How to
internalize the
innovation at
larger scale
Roles and
responsibilities of
each stakeholders
in the
internalization
process
Local level understanding:
Technology –process inclusiveness, gender centricity in innovation, visual &functional
literacy in correlation to innovation execution etc
Understanding Acquired
Addressing two fold issues: Increase in Agro income & Self reliance of poor
farmers in fragile ecology of desert & flash flood prone areas
Economically viable: possibly the lowest cost of per cubic feet irrigation water
(among all other irrigation structure)
Environmentally sustainable : locally acceptable
Low/zero maintenance cost
Solve the major crisis of drought affected area: agro productivity through
better water management
Solve the major crisis of flash flood affected area: Freeing of land and animal
husbandry from water logging in monsoon as well as ensure consistent
water supply for irrigation in winter and summer
Have a strong possibility for: replication
Able to change the social and power equation in the village
Involve the underprivileged women in each step of work thereby: knowledge
endowment
Future
“technology
transfer”
Scaling up, Echoing, nurturing,
self sufficiency, knowledge
building
“right set of knowledge carrier”
“business plan
based development
approach”.
Support Agencies
SEAPCP, Kualalampur knowledge sharing centre for south east Asia.
“Ashoka Global Change maker network” in its Rural Innovation in Farming-
“Globalizer “ programme’s part.
Mentored by “Safe Water Network”
Future Expansion plan
INGOs/ Global Networks/ DONORs/
Foundations/ Local NGOs/ MFIs/ CSR
Free access to the
technology to like
minded people,
support from
Research Instt
Paradigm shift
Smart
networks
IDEAOpen
source
Geography centric training
conducting, module preparation,
backed with SEED CAPITAL
1. New Government Policy
2. New loan product for Banks
Talent
Skill Building of
local Change
makers for
technology
inclusiveness
The Need- National & Global
National and Global
• Strong prospect in– Maharshtra, Bihar, Haryana, Orissa,
West bengal etc.
• Further Potential in Pakistan, Indonesia, Bali, Papua and
Timore and African countries etc
As per geo-hydrology principle, The technology can
easily work where
 water logging is due to rainfall or flash flood with at
least 3 ft height
 Subsoil aquifer table is available within 30 mt
 The underground geology shows coarse grain
permeable sand
Opportunity
Zones/area/opportunity
Total gross area (in million ha)
total poor family members affected (in
Million)
Total crop production possible per three
months (USD Million)
Gujarat
opportunity India level
0.73
6.7
Global
901
0.2
1.9
260.6
160
1580
208450
Source: (FAO/UNESCO Soil Map), http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_salinity_control
Web:
Email:
http://naireetaservices.com/
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
Ph-
00919825506900
00919925007097
New Technology
New Process
New Horizons
Thank You
32
Biplab K Paul - Credential
• Got selected as Changemaker for India by Noble laureate IPCC General
Secretary, Dr. R K Pachauri.
• Awarded as Ambassador for Peace by UPF, New York
• Made his NGO to win prestigious World Bank India Development Market
Place award 2007 for innovative irrigation technology.
• Commonwealth Scholar, US dept of State Scholar, TREE (German) Scholar
• Ashoka Change Maker fellow from India in 2011
• Jal Star award in 2012.
• Awardee as Best contributor for State Rural Development in 2012
• Globalizer fellow in RIF from India in 2012
[email protected]
[email protected]
http://naireetaservices.com
Skype: biplabkp
Ph: 09825506900
Director – Naireeta Services pvt ltd (a social enterprise)