Transcript Regional cooperation

REGIONALISM IN
INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
Professor : Dr. LEE Kyu Young
By: Nhien Huong & Hong Yan
CONTENT
• Introduction
• Regional cooperation and
regional integration
• Regional cooperation in
global context
• The process of European
integration
• Conclusion
INTRODUCTION
Regions: As territories within a
state, occasionally crossing state borders, on the other,
region is also understood as particular areas of the
world
Regionalism:
- One of the forces challenging the traditional
centrality of states in international relations
- The range of special relationships between
neighboring countries which represent more than normal
diplomatic relations but in which the component parts
retain legal personality under international law.
Regional cooperation and
regional integration
Cooperation: Parties act together in order to
achieve a mutually acceptable outcome
Integration: A process of ever closer union
between states, in a regional or international
context. The process often begins with the
cooperation to solve technical problems
Regional cooperation :
-Functional cooperation:
-Economic cooperation:
-Political cooperation
Cooperation in foreign and security policy
Regional integration:
Economic integration:
Case in Europe (European community)
Management of independence
Management of interdependence
Management of internationalization
New Regionalism: Take place after the end
of the Cold War, it is a response to a new
form of globalization
Regional cooperation in a global context:
Regionalism in the Americas
1948
OAS
The Organization of American
States
1994
NAFTA
North American Free Trade
Agreement
1994
FTAA
Free trade area of the Americas
1960
CACM
Central American Common
Market
1961
LAFTAR
Latin American Free Trade
Association
1991
SICA
the Central American Integration Sy
stem
1991
MERCOSUR
The common Market of the South
1997
CAN
Andean Community of Nation
NAFTA
In 1986, a negotiation a free trade agreement with
Canada, then began between the US, Canada and
Mexico leading to the establishment in 1994 of
NAFTA
This is broader in scope than most such agreements.
Agriculture is covered, supplementary agreements on
labour and the environment
FTAA:
- Cooperation in drugs, corruption, terrorism,
hemispheric security, sustainable development and the
environment.
-
Regionalism in Africa
1994
WAEMU
West African Economic and
Monetary Union
1999
CEMAC
Economic and Monetary
Community of Central Africa
1910
SACU
The Southern African Custom
Union
2000
EAC
East Africa Community
1975
ECOWAS
Economic Community of West
African States
1994
COMESA
Common Market for Eastern and
Southern Africa
WAEMU: is an organization of eight states
of West Africa established to promote
economic integration among countries that
share a common currency, the CFA franc.
CEMAC: is an organization in the central of
Africa guaranteed by France. This union
using the CFA franc and now pegged to Euro
with a common monetary policy, aiming to
create a single market by 2014
1983
ECCAS
Economic Community of Central
Africa States
1998
CEN-SAD
Community of Sahel –
Saharan States
1992
SADC
Southern African Development
Community
1986
IGAD
The Intergovernmental Authority
on Development-
1963
OAU
The organization of African
Unity
2002
AU
African Union
1990
ECOMOG
ECOWAS
Monitoring Group
SADC: This organization comes from SADCC Southern
African Development Coordination Conference. Its aim is
reduce the dependence on apartheid South Africa
IGAD: Deal with drought and desertification, after ten year
s later it has more responsibilities in conflict prevention
and management.
OAU: To end of colonialism and political liberation.
ECOWAS: Is the best known in regional organizations
which become active in conflict management. It intervene
in Liberia, acted in Sierra Leone and Guinea -Bissau
South-East Asia
organizations
1954
SEATO
South-East Asian Treaty
Organization
1961
ASA
Association of South-East Asia
1963
MAPHILINDO
1967
ASEAN
Association of South-East Asian
Nations
1994
ARF
ASEAN Regional Forum
1989
APEC
Asia Pacific Economic
Cooperation
1992
AFTA
ASEAN Free Trade Area
APT
ASEAN plus Three
Association of South-East Asian Nations
(ASEAN)
Date: 1967
 Members: Indonesia, Malaysia,
Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand

Conflicts
within the
region
External
intervention
Exacerbate
intra-regional
tensions
• ‘ASEAN Way’
• Political commitment
•
Small
Informal
voluntary
Binding
Institutionalized
• Driven by political and security concerns.
•
1976
Regional
uncertainties
1990s
Affirm
identity and
centrality
ARF
1994
APEC
Outlook
In 2003, the member states agreed to
create an ASEAN Security Community, an
ASEAN Economic Community, and an
ASEAN Socio-cultural Community by
2020.
 Asian regionalism is moving towards some
institutional deepening. On the other hand,
regional agreements reflect the continuing
competition between the major powers.

Eurasia and the Post-Soviet states

A complex and shifting pattern of
regional agreements has resulted from the
efforts of the former components of the
Soviet Union to settle down in zone of
cooperation and competition between
Russian, Chinese, and EU influence.
1991
CIS
1995
CIS Customs
Union
1992
2002
Commonwealth of Independent States
Collective Security Treaty
CSTO
Collective Security Treaty Organization
1991
Central Asian Commonwealth
2006
Eurasian Economic Community
Shanghai Cooperation Organization(ECO)
1996, China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan,
and Tajikistan created the

‘Shanghai Five’ mechanism.

Uzbekistan
 2002 Shanghai Cooperation Organization

• In the area of Ukraine and
the Caucasus, the evolution
of sub-regional agreement
has had more to do with
support for the
consolidation of
democracy, management
of local conflicts, in the
context of a certain rivalry for
influence between Russia
and the European
1997
GUAM
Democracy and Economic Development
2006
GUAM
Consolidated by a new charter
2005
Community of
Democratic
Choice
Promoting ‘democracy, human rights, and the rule
of law
1992
Black Sea
Economic
Coorpration(BSE
C)
Links countries near the black sea
The process of European integration
In Europe, regionalism after 1945 has taken
the form of gradual process of integration
leading to the emergence of the European
Union.
 It was initially created between the ‘original
six’ member states to reconcile conflicting
interests between France and Germany.
 Now it developed in to an institutional
architecture, legal framework, and a wide
range of policies, which in encompass 27
European states.

year
treaty
Main subjects
1951
Paris Treaty
Coal and Steel community
1957
Rome Treaties
European Economic Community
& the European Atomic Energy
community
1992
Maastricht
European Union & Economic and
Monetary Union,& CFSP
EU




1.Basic treaties
2.Institutions.
State, non-state, and transnational actors
The 2004 enlargement has generally been seen as a
qualitative leap for the EU. Concerns that the enlarged
Union, if not reformed substantially, would find it
difficult to take decisions and maintain a reliable legal
framework led to several attempts to reform the
treaties. However, since the proposal of establishing a
constitution for Europe was vetoed, it seems likely to
continue along thee established path of succession of
gradual developments rather than big leaps.
Thank You!!!