Transcript The Internet - WordPress.com

The Internet
iSchools Project Team
HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT GROUP
Commission on Information and Communications Technology
Internet
• Inter = international
• Net = network
• a global collection of interconnected
networks - a network of networks
• “Mother of All Network”, “Cyber Village”,
“Virtual Community”
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Networks
LAN
• equipment + resources
• facilitate access, transfer
and distribution of data
and information
• low cost high-speed data
transfer
• office building,
warehouse, campus, or
any other facility
WAN
• a bigger network = 2 or
more interconnected
LANs
• global companies/
agencies with common
databases and information
sharing needs
Internet: a network of networks
accessible to anyone connected to an Internet Service
Provider (ISP) with a PC, a modem and a telephone line.
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Client/Server Paradigm
• servers + client-PCs/users: various uses
• TCP/IP: Transmission Control Protocol and
Internet Protocol
– common standard by which computers of different
types and brands are able to communicate with one
another
– TCP = break down data + transmit in packets
– IP = routing information to destination/s
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Internet Applications
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access to a vast load of information
Communications
Commerce
Forum for discussions, opinions
Venue for collaboration
Social networking
• www.calgaryeducation.org/tutorials/introinternet.htm
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Basic Internet Services
• Electronic mail or e-mail, Blog
• Newsgroups, Bulletin Boards, Forum, Special
Interest Groups
• Mailing Lists, Discussion Groups, Social
Networks
• Remote Logins
• Search Engines
• World Wide Web: multimedia information via
hypertext
• Commerce/Trading
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Brief History
• U.S. Department of Defense Advanced Research
Project Agency (DoD ARPA): ARPANET as military
communication system
• 1970’s: universities - email, File Transfer Protocol
(FTP), and other services
• 1983: TCP/IP as standard protocol
– Domain Naming System (DNS): IP addresses =
common names
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Brief History
• 1986: NFSnet linked five (5) supercomputers
with backbone speed of 56kbps (universities
sharing resources)
– superior processing power
– 1984-1988: hosts (servers) rose from 1,000 to
60,000; bandwidth increased to T1 (1.544 Mbps)
– more and more countries joining
• ARPANET folded up in 1990
– NFSnet + many new networks: became the Internet
of the ‘90s
– Commercial Internet Exchange (CIX) for
commercial use of Internet
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Brief History
• Today: over 1 billion users worldwide (Dec.
2005)
– 15.7% of the world's population
– over 200 countries
– increasing exponentially (182% from 2000-2005)
Once the sole province of the military,
research institutions and universities, it is
now available to anyone who wants it.
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Internet Architecture
• IP Addressing (dotted quad)
– to identify hosts
– 140.186.81.6 = two parts: network 140.186, host
PC 81.6
– PC1.1 (140.186.81.6) and PC1.2 (140.186.2.3) =
same network
– router needed for 2 PCs from different networks to
talk
e.g. PC1.1 to communicate with PC2.1 (140.185.1.1)
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Internet Architecture
• Domain Naming
System
– user-friendly naming
scheme (lettered IP
address system)
– domain name server
• zones: organizational
and geographic
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• 3-letter zones =
organization, 2-letter
zones = country
edu – educational institution
mil – military
gov – government
net – network
com – commercial
org – organization
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Hardware/Software Requirements
• Computer
• Modem for dial-up connections
• Telephone line, leased line,
cellular/cable/satellite networks
• Some software – browser, email
client/app, ftp, etc.
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Internet Service Providers (ISP)
• a company that
provides Internet
connection services to
the general public to
the Internet
• any online system that
has direct Internet
connection and
provides access to it
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Levels of Internet Access
Direct
Connection –
leasing fiber optic
cable or similar
transmission media
Dedicated
Leased-Line
Connection
– by large
organization;
entire LAN
connected to
the Internet
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Broadband
Connection – high-
speed “always on”
multi-signal connection,
small to medium-sized
organizations
(cable, DSL, satellite)
Dial-up Connection –
most common form of
connection;
ISDN: high-speed dial-up
+ digital phone
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Ways to Connect to the Internet
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Telephone line
Ethernet
Wi-Fi Wireless
Bluetooth Wireless
special device (e.g.
Blackberry, Treo,
combination cell
phone/PDAs)
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• Cell Phone with builtin modem type
adapters
– dial-up or through
GPRS, special data
cable, infrared ports,
or Bluetooth
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Comparative Performance
A file that takes 1 hour to download via a 56K dialup connection will take about 26 minutes with an
ISDN line, between 2.2 and 13 minutes over a
cable connection, and between 2.2 and 26
minutes over a DSL connection would take.
- CompuKiss.com
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Web Browsing
• fastest growing Internet service
• GUI, supports hypertexting
• Uniform Resource Locator or URL
http://www.howstuffworks.com/computers/internet-infrastructure.htm
Transmission
Protocol
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Domain or
Server Name: to
connect to the
host server
machine or
computer where
the data is stored
Location
within the
server
File Name of the
Web page: actual
name of the
HTML file
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Web Browser
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Web Browser
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Back
Forward
Reload/Refresh
Stop
Address Box
Search
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• Home
• History
• Bookmark/Favorites
Manager
• Preferences
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Portal & Search Engine
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Search Engine
• Google, yahoo, lycos, etc.
– www.calgaryeducation.org/tutorials/googlesearch.htm
• Number of results, next page
• Search tips for more specific/focused
searches
• htm link vs. pdf link (open/save)
• evaluating a site (appropriateness, reliability,
validity)
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Web Browser
• Portal
• Search Engine
– query via index servers to
access relevant document
servers
– tips
• Email
– webmail
– POP3 email client
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download/upload
eCommerce
PodCasts
research
application / file downloads
Chat, Instant Messaging (IM)
Educational Resources
Online Learning / Distance
Education
• Online competitions
• Gaming, Entertainment resources
Blog
Collaborative work
Groupware, eGroup
Discussion Forum
Learning How to Use the Internet Step-by-Step:
www.bbc.co.uk/webwise/course
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email
• Models:
– Webmail (e.g. Yahoo mail, gmail, Hotmail): must be
online to the server housing your mailbox to access
and manage your mail.
– POP3 email client (e.g. Mozilla Thunderbird, MS
Outlook): must be online to the server only to
download your mail, after that, go offline to read,
reply and manage the local mail storage; need to go
online again to send
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e-mail address
name_of_user@domain_name_of_computer
• Your online identity!
• Mailbox name or username - should not
contain commas, spaces and parentheses
• @ (at sign)
• Address or hostname – domains and subdomains separated by “.”
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Yahoo Email Account
1. Go to mail.yahoo.com
2. “Sign up now”.
3. succeeding page: “Sign Up for Yahoo! Mail”
4. Fill out the entire form, use the Tab key or the
mouse
• Check validity Yahoo ID.
• Security word.
• “Submit This Form”.
5. confirmation page: “Continue to Yahoo Mail”
6. start using your new, free Yahoo email account
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e-mail
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Parts
1. header
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Addressee (To:)
Carbon Copy (CC:)
Blind Carbon Copy (BCC:)
Title of Message (Subject:)
Sender (From:)
2. body - plain text files or
as html file
3. signature (optional)
4. attachment/s
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• Services:
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Receive
Compose
Send
Reply / Reply to All
Forward
Junk Mail / Spam
Address Book/Contacts
Calendar
Message Management
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Other useful online services
• Blog (blogger, blogspot)
• Teacher / Education Portals (e.g. EdNA.edu.au, tsof.edu.au,
teach-nology.com)
• Online Resources / Libraries (e.g. iSchools WebBoard,
elib.gov.ph, skoool, EMC online, google videos)
• Discussion Forum (Teachers.Net)
• Social Networks (e.g. Friendster, Links)
• Real-time Communications (YM, Skype)
• Online Learning Content Management Systems (e.g. Manhattan
Virtual Classroom, Nuvvo, moodle)
• Wiki, Groups (e.g. Yahoo Groups)
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Thank you
Commission on Information and Communications Technology