Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets

Transcript Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets

MIS
CHAPTER 7
THE INTERNET,
INTRANETS, AND
EXTRANETS
Hossein BIDGOLI
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©2013 Course Technology, a part of Cengage Learning
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Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
learning outcomes
LO1
Describe the makeup of the Internet and World
Wide Web.
LO2
Discuss navigational tools, search engines, and
directories.
LO3
LO4
LO5
Describe common Internet services.
Summarize widely used Web applications.
Explain the purpose of intranets.
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Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
l e a r n i n g o u t c o m e s (cont’d.)
LO6
LO7
Explain the purpose of extranets.
Summarize new trends in the Web 2.0 and 3.0 eras.
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Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
The Internet and the World Wide Web
• Internet
– Worldwide collection of millions of computers and
networks
– Derived from the term internetworking
– No one actually owns or runs the Internet
– Started in 1969 as a U.S. Department of Defense
project called Advanced Research Projects
Agency Network (ARPANET)
– Evolved into the National Science Foundation Network
(NSFNET) in 1987
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Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
The Internet and the World Wide Web (cont’d.)
• Internet backbone
– Foundation network linked with fiber-optic cables
– Can support very high bandwidth
• Several private companies operate their own
Internet backbones
– Interconnect at network access points (NAPs)
• World Wide Web (WWW, or “the Web”)
– Graphical interface to the largely text-based Internet
in 1989
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Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
The Internet and the World Wide Web (cont’d.)
• Hypermedia
– Documents can include embedded references to
audio, text, images, video, and other documents
• Hypertext
– Embedded references in hypermedia documents
– Links users can click to follow a particular thread
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Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
Domain Name System
• Domain names
– Unique identifiers of computer or network addresses
on the Internet
– IBM.com or whitehouse.gov
• Internet Protocol (IP) address
– 208.77.188.166
– Assigned by the Internet Corporation for Assigned
Names and Numbers (ICANN)
• Domain Name System (DNS)
– Domain names are converted to IP addresses
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Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
Domain Name System (cont’d.)
• Uniform resource locators (URLs)
– Identify a Web page, the address of a document or
site on the Internet
– Suffix indicating the top-level domain (TLD) it belongs
to
• TLD
– Organizational (gTLDs)
– Country-code (ccTLDs)
• Understand the parts of a URL
– http://www.csub.edu/~hbidgoli/books.html
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Table 7.1
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Generic Top-Level Domains
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Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
What Is HTML?
• Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
– Language used to create Web pages
• Structure for an HTML document:
<HTML>
<HEAD>
(Enter the page’s description.)
</HEAD>
<BODY>
(Enter the page’s content.)
</BODY>
</HTML>
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Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
Types of Internet Connections
• Symmetric DSL (SDSL)
– Up to 1.5 Mbps in both directions
• Asymmetric DSL (ADSL)
– Upstream rates 3.5 Mbps
– Downstream rates typically 24 Mbps
• Very High Speed DSL (VDSL)
– Downstream/upstream transmission rate up to 100
Mbps over short distances
• T1 or T3 lines
– Equivalent of 24 conventional telephone lines
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Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
Navigational Tools, Search Engines, and Directories
• Navigational tools
– Used to travel from site-to-site or to “surf” the
Internet
• Search engines
– Allow you to look up information on the Internet by
entering keywords related to your topic of interest
• Directories
– Indexes of information based on keywords in
documents
– Allow search engines to find what you’re looking for
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Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
Navigational Tools
• Graphical Web browsers
– Microsoft Internet Explorer (IE), Mozilla Firefox,
Google Chrome, and Apple Safari, and Opera
– Menu options
– View browsing history
– Bookmarking
– Setting viewing preferences
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Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
Search Engines and Directories
• Search engine
– Google.com, Bing.com or Ask.com
– Information system that enables users to retrieve
data from the Web by using search terms
• Three step process
– Crawling the Web
– Indexing
– Searching
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Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
Search Engines and Directories (cont’d.)
• Directories
– Organize information into categories
– Types:
• Automated (crawler-based)
• Human powered
• Crawler-based directories: based on index terms
– Some search engines, in addition to their index-termbased directory, offer directories based on popular
categories
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Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
Internet Services
• Most services made possible by the TCP suite of
protocols:
– Simple Message Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
– Post Office Protocol (POP)
• Popular services
– E-mail, newsgroups, discussion groups, Internet Relay
Chat, instant messaging, and Internet telephony
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Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
E-mail
• One of the most widely used services on the
Internet
• Main types
– Web-based e-mail
– Client-based e-mail
• E-mail programs include:
–
–
–
–
Folders for organization
Address books and distribution groups
Spell checkers
Delivery notification
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Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
Newsgroups and Discussion Groups
• Discussion groups
– Formed for people to exchange opinions and ideas on
a specific topic
– Group members post messages or articles that others
in the group can read
• Newsgroups
– Typically more general and can cover any topic
– Allow people to get together for fun or for business
purposes
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Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
Instant Messaging
• Internet Relay Chat (IRC)
– Enables users in chat rooms to exchange text
messages with people in other locations in real time
• Instant messaging (IM)
– Service for communicating with others via a private
“chat room” on the Internet
– Many IM applications available: Windows Messenger,
Yahoo! Messenger, and Google Chat
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Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
Internet Telephony
• Internet telephony
– Using the Internet rather than the telephone network
to exchange spoken conversations
• Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)
– Requires high-speed Internet connection and
microphone or headset
– International and other long-distance calls are much
less expensive
– Used to route traffic starting and ending at
conventional PSTN phones
– Call quality has been improving
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Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
Web Applications
• Services and products for a wide range of
customers at more competitive prices and with
increased convenience
• Can be used with minimum costs
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Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
Tourism and Travel
• Travel Web sites allow customers to book tickets
for plane trips and cruises, etc.
• InfoHub.com (http://infohub.com/)
– Specialty travel offered
• Other examples of sites that offer all types of
tourism and travel services:
– Expedia.com, Travel.com, Travelocity. com,
Priceline.com, Hotels.com, Google.com/flights/, and
Yahoo! Travel
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Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
Publishing
• Major publishers in the United States and
Europe offer Web sites with:
–
–
–
–
Descriptions of forthcoming books
Sample chapters
Online ordering
Search features
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Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
Higher Education
• Most universities have Web sites offering:
– Information about departments, programs, faculty,
and academic resources
– Virtual tours of the campus
• Online degree programs
– Possible for students who cannot attend school
otherwise to enroll in classes
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Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
Real Estate
• Real estate Web sites
– Provide millions of up-to-date listings of homes
• Buyers can
– Review neighborhoods, schools, and real estate prices
• Customers can
– Find realtors and brokerage firms and learn homebuying tips
• Major real estate Web sites:
– Remax (www.remax.com), Century 21
(www.century21.com), Prudential
(www.prudential.com), and ERA (www.era. com).
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Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
Employment
• Services available:
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Expert advice and tools for managing your career
Resume assistance, tools for creating resumes
Job search tutorials
Posting and distributing resumes
Job alerts
Searches by company, industry, region, or category
Announcements of job fairs
Career tests to see what career is right for you
Salary calculators
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Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
Financial Institutions
• Online banking services
• E-mail to communicate with customers and send
account statements and financial reports
• Helps banks reduce the time and costs of
communicating via phone
• Consumer acceptance has been slow
• Banking services available via the Internet
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Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
Software Distribution
• Vendors distribute software on the Internet as
well as drivers and patches
– Antivirus updates
– Fast, and easy to download
• Large programs not distributed via Internet
• Online copyright-protection schemes
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Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
Healthcare
• Store patient records on the Internet
– Accessible from one central location
– Potential problems with information privacy, accuracy,
and currency
• Telemedicine
– Enables medical professionals to conduct remote
consultation, diagnosis, and conferencing
• Telepresence surgery
• Online prescription drugs
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Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
Politics
• Most political candidates now make use of Web
sites
–
–
–
–
Announcing platforms
Publicizing voting records
Notices of appearances and debates
Fundraising
• Possible use for legislators voting online
– Security issues
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Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
Intranets
• Network within an organization that uses
Internet protocols and technologies for
collecting, storing, and disseminating useful
information that supports business activities
• Also called corporate portals
• For internal use by employees
– Many companies also allow trusted business partners
to access their intranets
• Different from a LAN
• Define and limit access carefully
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Table 7.2
The Internet versus Intranets
The Internet versus Intranets
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Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
Applications of an Intranet
•
•
•
•
•
Human resources management
Sales and marketing
Production and operations
Accounting and finance
Help organizations move from a calendar- or
schedule-based document-publishing strategy to
one that’s based on events or needs
– Reduce the costs and time of document production
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Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
Extranets
• Secure network
– Uses the Internet and Web technologies to connect
intranets of business partners
• Type of interorganizational system (IOS)
– Electronic funds transfer (EFT)
– Electronic data interchange (EDI)
• DMZ
– Refers to the demilitarized zone, an area of the
network that’s separate from the organization’s LAN
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Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
Extranets (cont’d.)
• Advantages of extranets
–
–
–
–
–
Coordination
Feedback
Consumer satisfaction
Cost reduction
Expedited communication
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Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
New Trends: The Web 2.0 and 3.0 Eras
• Web 2.0
– Trend of Web applications that are more interactive
than traditional Web applications
– Collaboration or e-collaboration
• Web 3.0, “the Semantic Web”
– Provides personalization that allows users to access
the Web more intelligently
– Focuses on “intelligent” Web applications using
various applications of artificial intelligent
technologies
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Table 7.4
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Web 1.0 Versus Web 2.0
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Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
Blogs
• Short for “Weblog”
• Journal or newsletter that’s updated frequently
and intended for the general public
• Many sites offer free space for blogs and even
include posting photos
– Blogger.com
• Blogs on Web sites dedicated to a particular
topic or organization
– Updated with the latest news and views
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Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
Wikis
• Allows users to add, delete, and sometimes
modify content
• Online encyclopedia Wikipedia
• Information user can also be an information
provider
• Issue with quality of information
• Wikis have caught on at many companies
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Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
Social Networking Sites
• Broad class of Web sites and services that allow
users to connect with friends, family, and
colleagues online
• Popular social networking sites:
– Facebook, Twitter
• LinkedIn: professional networking site
– Popular for business use
• Twitter
– Response or comment no longer than 140 characters
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Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
RSS Feeds
• “Really simple syndication”
• Fast, easy way to distribute Web content in
Extensible Markup Language (XML) format
• XML
– Flexible method for creating common formats for
information
– Tags represent the kind of content being posted and
transmitted
– Defines data with a context
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Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
Podcasting
• Electronic audio file posted on the Web for users
to download to their mobile devices
• Has a specific URL and is defined with an XML
item tag
• Usually collected by an “aggregator”
– iTunes or iPodder
• Users can subscribe to a podcast
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Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
The Internet2
• Collaborative effort involving more than 200 U.S.
universities and corporations to develop
advanced Internet technologies and applications
– For higher education and academic research
• Gigapop
– Local connection point-of-presence
– Main function is the exchange of I2 traffic with a
specified bandwidth
• Relies on the NSFNET and MCI’s very high-speed
backbone network service
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Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
The Internet2 (cont’d.)
• Applications of Internet2 include:
–
–
–
–
Learningware
Digital Library
Teleimmersion
Virtual laboratories
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Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
Summary
• Overview and brief history of the Internet and
the World Wide Web
• Navigational tools, search engines, directories
• Internet services
– E-mail, newsgroups, and instant messaging
•
•
•
•
Web applications and the service industry
Intranets and extranets
Web 2.0 and Web 3.0
Internet2
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Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets

Transcript Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets

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