Transcript CSCI 101 Final Exam Review

CSCI 101 Final Exam Review
Dannelly's Sections
This short overview is not intended
to be a complete
review for the final exam.
Review your notes and homework.
Historically in Dannelly's CSCI101 classes,
the class average of the final exam is
5-10 points lower than the midterm average.
Exam Format
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Comprehensive Exam
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questions come from lecture notes, the midterm,
and the quizzes
also review the homework assignments
Mostly multiple choice.
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bring a couple of #2 pencils
History
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We have changed the components we use to build
computers (vacuum tubes, transistors, integrated
circuits), but computers are not much smarter than they
were 60 years ago.
Basic Operations are both very simple (add, subtract,
compare, …) and limited in number
Moore's Law : transistors per square inch doubles
every two years.
Cheaper and Faster -> more people use computers for
more purposes
Hardware Terms
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binary numbers
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all a computer really understands is numbers
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PC / server / supercomputer
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internal components:
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motherboard
CPU
RAM (main memory)
ROM (small, permanent memory)
Memory Capacity
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Bit - 0 or 1
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Byte - 8 bits
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KiloByte - approx one thousand bytes
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MegaByte - approx one million bytes
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GigaByte - approx one billion bytes
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TeraByte - approx one trillion bytes
Operating Systems
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Software that controls access to all the hardware
resources such as memory, the CPU, and files
Allows multiple programs to share the CPU by
quickly swapping which process is currently running
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one CPU can only execute one instruction at a time
quad-core CPU can execute four instructions at once
Virtual Memory
Internet
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Network of Networks
Began in 1969 by the DoD
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now owned by big telecom companies
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Bandwidth = data capacity
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Net Neutrality
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Domain Name - a name that has been registered
and tied to an internet address
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To get your own domain name (such as winthrop.edu) you need to
have your own IP address (such as 10.2.0.164) and pay a small
annual registration fee to ICANN to have an entry in the DNS. Or
just rent server space and let them register your domain name.
Networking Terms
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LAN
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WAN
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the box that connects your LAN to the bigger network
Client / Server
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wide area network
connects LANS
Router
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local area network
connects a few computers (about 30) in a small place (one building)
probably Ethernet
a method of processing where a central location provides a service, eg web
servers and email servers
Peer-to-Peer (P2P)
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instead of using a central server, computers talk directly to each other
Communication Media
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DSL - digital subscriber line
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Cable Modem
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uses the same wire as your TV cable, which can better handle high
bandwidth over long distances
Fiber Optic
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uses the same type of twisted pair wire as your phone
works well over short distances
extremely high bandwidth
expensive to install and repair, very hard to tap
WiFi
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slow and easy to tap
Privacy and Security
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Workplace privacy - you don't have any!
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Cookie files - used by your browser software to track
your browsing habits.
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Sony v. MGM - it is legal for you to own a VCR, and
hence a CD burner and flashdrive
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Digital Millennium Copyright Act
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illegal to make a copy of any copyrighted digital work
illegal to own technology that can hack a digital
protection system
Viruses
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virus
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worm
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copies itself and usually destroys files
carried by files such as email attachments, "free"
software, JavaScript inside web pages, etc
moves around via network devices, no user
interaction needed to spread worms
trojan horse
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virus or worm that hides inside another program
Software Development
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Algorithm - a set of steps to solve a problem
Programming - turning an algorithm into
source code
Source Code - the human readable instructions
that tell the computer what to do
Machine Code - the 0s and 1s version of the
source code that the machine understands and
executes
Scratch Programming
Which piece of code makes the sprite continuously
move back and forth, bouncing off the walls?
Answer: The left code moves the sprite just once, but the
code on the right keeps the sprite moving forever.
Scratch Programming
What do each of these instructions do?
Stops all sprites when the score variable
hits zero.
Move the sprite to the center of the screen.
Move the sprite to the right.
Move 100 steps.
Also moves 100 steps, but in one big jump.
Slowly move until touching a wall.
HTML Tags to Memorize
Format of Every Web Page
<html>
<head>
<title> My Home Page </title>
</head>
<body>
This is my home page.
</body>
</html>
HTML Tags to Know Well
<b> </b>
<center> </center>
<h1> </h1>
<h2> </h2>
…
<BR>
<P>
<a href="http://www.cnn.com">link</a>
HTML Tags to Recognize
<table rules=all width=500>
<tr>
<td>
<font color=#FF00FF>
Red Green Blue value
Questions?
Thurmond 315
[email protected]