CSCI 101 Final Exam Review

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Transcript CSCI 101 Final Exam Review 

CSCI 101 Final Exam Review
Dannelly's Sections
This short overview is not intended
to be a complete
review for the final exam.
Review your notes and homework.
Historically in Dannelly's CSCI101 classes,
the class average of the final exam is
10 points lower than the midterm average.
Exam Format
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Comprehensive Exam
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some questions stolen from midterm and quizzes
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review the homework assignments
Mostly multiple choice.
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bring a couple of #2 pencils
History
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General design and internal operation of computers has
not changed much in 60 years.
Basic Operations are both very simple (add, subtract,
compare, …) and limited in number
Moore's Law -> transistors per square inch doubles
every two years.
Cheaper and Faster -> more people use them for more
purposes
Future likely to include more "cloud" and "wearable"
Hardware Terms
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binary numbers
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PC / workstation / server / supercomputer
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internal components:
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motherboard
CPU
RAM (main memory)
ROM (small, permanent memory)
Memory Capacity
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Bit - 0 or 1
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Byte - 8 bits
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KiloByte - approx one thousand bytes
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MegaByte - approx one million bytes
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GigaByte - approx one billion bytes
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TeraByte - approx one trillion bytes
Operating Systems
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OS is software that controls access to all the
hardware resources such as memory, the CPU, and
files
Allows multiple programs to share the CPU by
quickly swapping which process is currently running
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one CPU can only execute one instruction at a time
dual-core CPU can execute two instructions at once
Example Operating Systems, among many, are
Windows and Linux
Internet
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Network of Networks
Began in 1969 by the DoD
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now owned by big telecom companies
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Bandwidth = data capacity
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Net Neutrality
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Domain Name - a name that has been registered
and tied to an internet address
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To get your own domain name (such as winthrop.edu) you need to
have your own IP address (such as 10.2.0.164) and pay a small
annual registration fee to ICANN to have an entry in the DNS. Or
just rent server space and let them register your domain name.
Viruses
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virus
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worm
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copies itself and usually destroys files
carried by files such as email attachments, "free"
software, JavaScript inside web pages, etc
moves around via network devices, no user
interaction needed to spread worms
trojan horse
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virus or worm that hides inside another program
Networking Terms
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LAN
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WAN
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the box that connects your LAN to the bigger network
Client / Server
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wide area network
connects LANS
Router
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local area network
connects a small number of computers (less than 100) in a small place
(one building)
a method of processing where a central location provides a service, eg
web servers and email servers
Peer-to-Peer (P2P)
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instead of using a central server, computers talk directly to each other
Communication Media
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DSL - digital subscriber line
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Cable Modem
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uses the same wire as your TV cable, which can better
handle high bandwidth over long distances
Fiber Optic
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uses the same type of twisted pair wire as your phone
works well over short distances
extremely high bandwidth
expensive to install and repair, very hard to tap
Radio / WiFi
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the wave of the future?
Software Development
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Algorithm - a set of steps to solve a problem
Programming - turning an algorithm into
source code
Source Code - the human readable instructions
that tell the computer what to do
Machine Code - the 0s and 1s version of the
source code that the machine understands and
executes
Database Terminology
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Tables
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Records
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data about one entity
rows
Fields
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a grouping of related information
rows and columns
attributes, information categories
columns
Keys
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Fields that are used to identified individual
records, and/or link tables
HTML Tags to Memorize
Format of Every Web Page
<html>
<head>
<title> My Home Page </title>
</head>
<body>
This is my home page.
</body>
</html>
HTML Tags to Memorize
<b> </b>
<center> </center>
<h1> </h1>
<h2> </h2>
…
<BR>
<P>
&nbsp;
<a href="http://www.cnn.com">link</a>
<img src="aardvark.jpg">
HTML Tags to Recognize
Lists and Tables
<ul>
<li>
<ol>
<table rules=all width=500>
<tr>
<td>
HTML Tags to Recognize
Styles
<style type="text/css">
a:hover
{background:orange; color:blue}
h1
{background:maroon; color:gold}
</style>
<a href ="bob.htm"
style="text-decoration:none; color:black">
Interactive Web Pages
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Forms
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allows web page user to input information that is
submitted to a program running on a web server
machine
requires a specialized program running on the server
to process the data
JavaScript
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instructions run by the web browser on your PC
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"function" - a block of instructions
Questions?
Thurmond 315
[email protected]