Transcript COMMunication - Jerich Anthony

Submitted by: Jerich Anthony

Papyrus is a thick paper-like material produced from the pith of the papyrus
plant, Cyperus papyrus, a wetland sedge that was once abundant in
the Sudd of Southern Sudan along with the Nile Delta of Egypt. Papyrus is first
known to have been used in ancient Egypt, but it was also used throughout
the Mediterranean region. Ancient Egyptians used this plant as a writing material
and for boats, mattresses, mats, rope, sandals, and baskets.


Developed and used
by cultures living in forested areas,
drums served as an early form of
long distance communication, and
were used during
ceremonial and religious functions
The alphorn or alpenhorn or alpi
ne horn is a labrophone,
consisting of a wooden natural
horn of conical bore, having a
wooden cup-shaped mouthpiece,
used by mountain dwellers
in Switzerland and elsewhere.
Similar wooden horns were used
for communication in most
mountainous regions of Europe,
from the French Alps to
the Carpathians.

A courier delivers messages, packages,
and mail. Couriers are distinguished
from ordinary mail services by
features such as speed, security,
tracking, signature, specialization and
individualization of express services,
and swift delivery times, which are
optional for most everyday mail
services. As a premium service,
couriers are usually more expensive
than standard mail services, and their
use is typically restricted to packages
where one or more of these features
are considered important enough to
warrant the cost.

A heliograph is a wireless
solar telegraph that signals by
flashes of sunlight (generally
using Morse code) reflected by
a mirror. The flashes are
produced by momentarily
pivoting the mirror, or by
interrupting the beam with a
shutter. The heliograph was a
simple but effective instrument
for instantaneous optical
communication over long
distances during the late 19th and
early 20th century. Its main uses
were military, survey and forest
protection work. Heliographs
were standard issue in the British
and Australian armies until the
1960s, and were used by the
Pakistani army as late as 1975.

A newspaper is a periodical publication containing news regarding
current events, informative articles, diverse features, editorials, and
advertising. It usually is printed on relatively inexpensive, low-grade
paper such as newsprint. By 2007, there were 6,580 daily newspapers in
the world selling 395 million copies a day. The late 2000s-early 2010s
global recession, combined with the rapid growth of web-based
alternatives, caused a serious decline in advertising and circulation, as
many papers closed or sharply retrenched operations

Paper is a thin material produced by pressing together moist fibers,
typically cellulose pulp derived from wood, rags or grasses, and drying
them into flexible sheets. This later on replaced papyrus and became the
modern way of writing.

A pen is a writing implement used to apply ink to a surface,
usually paper, for writing or drawing. Historically, reed pens, quill pens,
and dip pens were used, with a nib dipped in the ink. It became highly
useful for writing on paper to make letters for communication

In rapid succession, printing
presses were set up in Central
and Western Europe. Major
towns, in particular, functioned
as centers of diffusion
(Cologne1466, Rome 1467, Venice
1469, Paris 1470, Cracow 1473, Lo
ndon 1477). In 1481, barely 30
years after the publication of the
42-line Bible, the small
Netherlands already featured
printing shops in 21 cities and
towns, while Italy and Germany
each had shops in about 40 towns
at that time. According to one
estimate, "by 1500 1000 printing
presses were in operation
throughout Western Europe and
had produced 8 million books."

A pencil is a writing implement or art medium usually constructed of a
narrow, solid pigment core inside a protective casing. It is an alternative to
pens.

A maritime flag is
a flag designated for use
on ships, boats, and other
watercraft. Naval flags
are considered important
at sea and the rules and
regulations for the flying
of flags are strictly
enforced. The flag flown
is related to the country
of registration: so much
so that the word "flag" is
often used symbolically
as a synonym for
"country of registration"

A semaphore telegraph, optical
telegraph, shutter telegraph
chain, Chappe telegraph,
or Napoleonic semaphore is a
system of conveying information
by means of visual signals, using
towers with pivoting shutters,
also known as blades or paddles.
Information is encoded by the
position of the mechanical
elements; it is read when the
shutter is in a fixed position

A typewriter is a mechanical or
electromechanical machine for
writing in characters similar to
those produced by printer's type
by means of keyboard-operated
types striking a ribbon to transfer
ink or carbon impressions onto
the paper. Typically one
character is printed per keypress.
The machine prints characters by
making ink impressions of type
elements similar to the sorts used
in movable type letterpress
printing.

Telegraphy is the long-distance transmission of textual (as opposed to
verbal or audio) messages without the physical exchange of an object
bearing the message. Thus semaphore is a method of telegraphy
whereas pigeon post is not.

A telephone, or phone, is
a telecommunications device
that permits two or more
users to conduct a
conversation when they are
not in the same vicinity of
each other to be heard
directly. A telephone
converts sound, typically and
most efficiently the human
voice, into electronic signals
suitable for transmission via
cables or other transmission
media over long distances,
and replays such signals
simultaneously in audible
form to its user.

Radio is the wireless transmission of
signals through free space
by electromagnetic radiation of
a frequency significantly below that of
visible light, in the radio
frequency range, from about 30 kHz
to 300 GHz. These waves are
called radio waves. Electromagnetic
radiation travels by means of
oscillating electromagnetic fields that
pass through the air and
the vacuum of space.

A computer is a general purpose device that can be programmed to carry
out a set of arithmetic or logical operations. Since a sequence of operations
can be readily changed, the computer can solve more than one kind of
problem.

A signal lamp is a visual signaling device for optical
communication (typically using Morse code). Modern signal lamps are a
focused lamp which can produce a pulse of light. In large versions this
pulse is achieved by opening and closing shutters mounted in front of the
lamp, either via a manually operated pressure switch or, in later versions,
automatically.

Television, or TV is a telecommunication medium for transmitting and
receiving moving images that can be monochrome (black-and-white) or
colored, with or without accompanying sound.


A text editor is a type
of program used for editing
plain text files.
Text editors are often provided
with operating systems or
software development packages,
and can be used to
change configuration files and
programming language source
code.

A computer network or data
network is
a telecommunications
network that
allows computers to
exchange data. In computer
networks, networked computing
devices (network nodes) pass
data to each other along data
connections. The connections
(network links) between nodes
are established using
either cable media or wireless
media. The best-known
computer network is
the Internet.

The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that
use the standard Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to serve several billion
users worldwide. It is a network of networks that consists of millions of
private, public, academic, business, and government networks, of local to
global scope, that are linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless and
optical networking technologies. The Internet carries an extensive range of
information resources and services, such as the interlinked hypertext documents of the World Wide Web (WWW),
the infrastructure to support email, and peer-to-peer networks.

1G (or 1-G) refers to the firstgeneration
of wireless telephone technology,
mobile telecommunications. These
are
the analog telecommunications
standards that were introduced in
the 1980s and continued until
being replaced
by 2G digital telecommunications.
The main difference between two
succeeding mobile telephone
systems, 1G and 2G, is that the
radio signals that 1G networks use
are analog, while 2G networks are
digital.

2G (or 2-G) is short for secondgeneration wireless telephone technology.
Three primary benefits of 2G networks
over their predecessors were that phone
conversations were digitally encrypted;
2G systems were significantly more
efficient on the spectrum allowing for far
greater mobile phone penetration levels;
and 2G introduced data services for
mobile, starting with SMS text messages.
2G network allows for much greater
penetration intensity. 2G technologies
enabled the various mobile phone
networks to provide the services such as
text messages, picture messages and MMS
(multi media messages). All text messages
sent over 2G are digitally encrypted,
allowing for the transfer of data in such a
way that only the intended receiver can
receive and read it.



3G, short for third Generation, is
the third generation of mobile
telecommunications technology.
3G telecommunication networks
support services that provide an
information transfer rate of at least
200 kbit/s. However, many services
advertised as 3G provide higher
speed than the minimum technical
requirements for a 3G service. Later
3G releases, often
denoted 3.5G and 3.75G, also
provide mobile broadband access of
several Mbit/s to smartphones and
mobile modems in laptop
computers.
3G finds application in wireless
voice telephony, mobile
Internet access, fixed
wireless Internet access, video
calls and mobile TV.

In telecommunication
systems, 4G is the fourth
generation of mobile
phone mobile
communication technology
standards. It is a successor to
the third generation (3G)
standards. A 4G system
provides mobile ultrabroadband Internet access, for
example to laptops
with USB wireless modems,
to smartphones, and to other
mobile devices. Conceivable
applications include amended
mobile web access, IP telephony,
gaming services, highdefinition mobile TV, video
conferencing, 3D television,
and cloud computing.